相关论文: 3D Radiative Transfer Modeling of Clumpy Dust Tori…

Recent observations of NGC 1068 and other AGN support the idea of a geometrically and optically thick dust torus surrounding the central supermassive black hole and accretion disk of AGN. In type 2 AGN, the torus is seen roughly edge-on,…

The dusty environments (= "dust tori'') of AGN are now in reach of observations. Following our paper I on ground-based mid-IR spectro-photometry (H\"onig et al. 2010), we present an upgrade to our radiative transfer model of 3-dimensional…

Tori of Active Galactic Nuclei are made up of a mixture of hot and cold gas, as well as dust. In order to protect the dust grains from destruction by the hot gas as well as by the energetic radiation of the accretion disk, the dust is often…

We investigate the emission of active galactic nuclei (AGN) dusty tori in the infrared domain. Following theoretical predictions coming from hydrodynamical simulations, we model the dusty torus as a 3D two-phase medium with high-density…

According to unified schemes of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), the central engine is surrounded by dusty, optically thick clouds in a toroidal structure. We have recently developed a formalism that for the first time takes proper account of…

We explore physically self-consistent models of dusty molecular tori in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with the goal of interpreting VLTI observations and fitting high resolution mid-IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The input dust…

From extensive radiative transfer calculations we find that clumpy torus models with \No \about 5--15 dusty clouds along radial equatorial rays successfully explain AGN infrared observations. The dust has standard Galactic composition, with…

We modeled the AGN dusty torus as a clumpy two-phase medium, with high-density clumps embedded in a low-density interclump dust. To obtain spectral energy distributions and images of the torus at different wavelengths, we employed the 3D…

This paper presents unique adaptive optics images at 3.5 and 4.8 microns of the central arcsec in the AGN of NGC1068. They enlight the presence of hot to warm dust close to the central engine of the AGN. At a radius around 40 pc, the dust…

Recent infrared interferometric observations revealed sub-parsec scale dust distributions around active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Using images of CLUMPY torus models and NGC 1068 as an example, we demonstrate that the near- and mid-infrared…

This letter presents a revised radiative transfer model for the infrared (IR) emission of active galactic nuclei (AGN). While current models assume that the IR is emitted from a dusty torus in the equatorial plane of the AGN, spatially…

Near- and mid-infrared interferometers have resolved the dusty parsec-scale obscurer (torus) around nearby active galactic nuclei (AGNs). With the arrival of extremely large single-aperture telescopes, the emission morphology will soon be…

Recently, the MID-infrared Interferometric instrument (MIDI) at the VLTI has shown that dust tori in the two nearby Seyfert galaxies NGC 1068 and the Circinus galaxy are geometrically thick and can be well described by a thin, warm central…

Dust emission, an important diagnostic of star formation and ISM mass throughout the Universe, can be powered by sources unrelated to ongoing star formation. In the framework of the DustPedia project we have set out to disentangle the…

The obscuring circumnuclear torus of dusty molecular gas is one of the major components of active galactic nuclei (AGN). The torus can be studied by analyzing the time response of its infrared (IR) dust emission to variations in the AGN…

We discuss a clumpy model of obscuring dusty tori around AGN. Cloud-cloud collisions lead to an effective viscosity and a geometrically thick accretion disk, which has the required properties of a torus. Accretion in the combined…

We have developed the dynamical model of a clumpy torus in an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and compared to recent ALMA observations. We present $N$-body simulations of a torus in the field of a supermassive black hole (SMBH), made of up to…

A variety of torus models for the infrared emission of AGN has become available in literature over the last decade. This includes radiative transfer models using smooth or clumpy dust and hydrodynamic models. I will review the various types…

We present mid-IR interferometric observations of 6 type 1 AGNs at multiple baseline lengths of 27--130m, reaching high angular resolutions up to lambda/B~0.02 arcseconds. For two of the targets, we have simultaneous near-IR interferometric…

We present observations of NGC 1068 covering the $19.7-53.0$ $\mu$m wavelength range using FORCAST and HAWC+ onboard SOFIA. Using these observations, high-angular resolution infrared (IR) and sub-mm observations, we find an observational…