相关论文: Dark energy and dark matter as curvature effects

It has been only ~15 years since the discovery of dark energy (although some may argue there were strong indications even earlier). In the short time since measurements of type Ia supernovae indicated an accelerating universe, many other…

The present standard model of cosmology states that the known particles carry only a tiny fraction of total mass and energy of the Universe. Rather, unknown dark matter and dark energy are the dominant contributions to the cosmic energy…

The particles of a dark matter due to gravitational interaction deviate from straight trajectories in the vicinity of a massive body. This causes their density to become inhomogeneous. The developed density contrast causes a gravitation…

Recent observation of supernovae type Ia show clearly that there is a large scale repulsive force in the Universe. Neither of the four known fundamental interactions can account for this repulsive force. Gravity is known to be the…

Observations show that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. This requires that the dominant constituent of matter in the Universe has some unusual properties like negative pressure. This exotic component has been given the name…

Among the great mysteries that physics has not yet solved are undoubtedly those of dark energy and dark matter. In this chapter we deal with the first of them. We will expound in detail the motivations that led to hypothesise the existence…

Dark matter is a fundamental constituent of the universe, which is needed to explain a wide variety of astrophysical and cosmological observations. Although the existence of dark matter was first postulated nearly a century ago and its…

The consideration of dark energy's quanta, required also by thermodynamics, introduces its chemical potential into the cosmological equations. Isolating its main contribution, we obtain solutions with dark energy decaying to matter or…

The problem of dark energy can be roughly stated as the proposition and validation of a cosmological model that can explain the phenomenon of the accelerated expansion of the Universe. This problem is an open discussion topic in modern…

We show that it is not possible in the absence of dark matter to construct a four-dimensional metric that explains galactic observations. In particular, by working with an effective potential it is shown that a metric which is constructed…

We present a unifying treatment of dark energy and modified gravity that allows distinct conformal-disformal couplings of matter species to the gravitational sector. In this very general approach, we derive the conditions to avoid ghost and…

The nature of Dark Energy is still very much a mystery, and the combination of a variety of experimental tests, sensitive to different potential Dark Energy properties, will help elucidate its origins. This white paper briefly surveys the…

It has recently been shown that the observed Hubble function for cosmological expansion can be fitted accurately back to redshift unity (7.33 Gyr ago) with only one free constant, while neglecting cosmic curvature and mass, using the…

Here we review the recent evidence for dark energy, dark matter and black holes as components of an expanding universe, for the vantage point of a non-expert; we speculate on a specific DM particle.

In the early Universe, dark energy may have a non-negligible contribution. If this dark energy corresponds to an early cosmological constant, it leads to a late-time huge dark energy density which is much larger than what is expected for…

Observations of distant supernovae indicate that the Universe is now in a phase of accelerated expansion the physical cause of which is a mystery. Formally, this requires the inclusion of a term acting as a negative pressure in the…

It is suggested that the vacuum expectation of the quantum vacuum energy-momentum is zero, but quantum fluctuations give rise to a space-time curvature equivalent to that of a cosmological constant or dark energy. Calculations within…

A long-standing topic of interest in the general theory of relativity is the embedding of curved spacetimes in higher-dimensional flat spacetimes. The main purpose this paper is to show that the embedding theory can account for the…

Dark sector, constituting about 95 percent of the Universe, remains the subject of numerous studies. There are lots of models dealing with the cause of the effects assigned to dark matter and dark energy. This brief review is devoted to the…

More than sixty years ago Zwicky made the case that the great clusters of galaxies are held together by the gravitational force of unseen (dark) matter. Today, the case is stronger and more precise: Dark, nonbaryonic matter accounts for 30%…