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The standard content-based attention mechanism typically used in sequence-to-sequence models is computationally expensive as it requires the comparison of large encoder and decoder states at each time step. In this work, we propose an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2017-07-04 Denny Britz , Melody Y. Guan , Minh-Thang Luong

Transformers have demonstrated strong performance across a wide range of sequence modeling tasks, but their quadratic attention complexity limits scalability to long sequences. Linear models such as Mamba and sliding-window attention (SWA)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Aref Jafari , Yuhe Fan , Benyamin Jamialahmadi , Parsa Farinneya , Boxing Chen , Marzieh S. Tahaei

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved various aspects of our daily lives. These models have impacted numerous domains, from healthcare to education, enhancing productivity, decision-making processes, and accessibility. As…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-11-01 Zhao Song , Guangyi Xu , Junze Yin

Sequence models face a fundamental tradeoff between memory capacity and computational efficiency. Transformers achieve expressive context modeling at quadratic cost, while linear attention and state-space models run in linear time by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Yaxita Amin , Helen Zichen Li , Mengfan Zhang , Samet Ayhan

The Transformer model architecture has become one of the most widely used in deep learning and the attention mechanism is at its core. The standard attention formulation uses a softmax operation applied to a scaled dot product between query…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Hariprasath Govindarajan , Per Sidén , Jacob Roll , Fredrik Lindsten

Linear sequence modeling methods, such as linear attention, state space modeling, and linear RNNs, offer significant efficiency improvements by reducing the complexity of training and inference. However, these methods typically compress the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Jusen Du , Weigao Sun , Disen Lan , Jiaxi Hu , Yu Cheng

Selective parameter activation provided by Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) models have made them a popular choice in modern foundational models. However, MoEs face a fundamental tension when employed for serving. Batching, critical for performance…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Vima Gupta , Jae Hyung Ju , Kartik Sinha , Ada Gavrilovska , Anand Padmanabha Iyer

Modern recommendation systems primarily rely on attention mechanisms with quadratic complexity, which limits their ability to handle long user sequences and slows down inference. While linear attention is a promising alternative, existing…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Yufei Ye , Wei Guo , Hao Wang , Luankang Zhang , Heng Chang , Hong Zhu , Yuyang Ye , Yong Liu , Defu Lian , Enhong Chen

Recurrent-attention hybrids aim to combine the efficiency of recurrence with the expressivity of attention, but existing approaches typically apply attention uniformly across all positions, even when the recurrent state alone is sufficient…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Haoran Zheng , Chen Shani

Balancing fine-grained local modeling with long-range dependency capture under computational constraints remains a central challenge in sequence modeling. While Transformers provide strong token mixing, they suffer from quadratic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Youjin Wang , Jiaqiao Zhao , Rong Fu , Run Zhou , Ruizhe Zhang , Jiani Liang , Suisuai Cao , Feng Zhou

A key requirement in sequence to sequence processing is the modeling of long range dependencies. To this end, a vast majority of the state-of-the-art models use attention mechanism which is of O($n^2$) complexity that leads to slow…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-29 Kārlis Freivalds , Emīls Ozoliņš , Agris Šostaks

While linear attention reduces the quadratic complexity of standard Transformers to linear time, it often lags behind in expressivity due to the removal of softmax normalization. This omission eliminates \emph{global competition}, a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Mingwei Xu , Xuan Lin , Xinnan Guo , Wanqing Xu , Wanyun Cui

In this work, we propose Retentive Network (RetNet) as a foundation architecture for large language models, simultaneously achieving training parallelism, low-cost inference, and good performance. We theoretically derive the connection…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-10 Yutao Sun , Li Dong , Shaohan Huang , Shuming Ma , Yuqing Xia , Jilong Xue , Jianyong Wang , Furu Wei

Recently, attention-based encoder-decoder (AED) models have shown state-of-the-art performance in automatic speech recognition (ASR). As the original AED models with global attentions are not capable of online inference, various online…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-01-15 Hyeonseung Lee , Woo Hyun Kang , Sung Jun Cheon , Hyeongju Kim , Nam Soo Kim

We introduce convolutional multi-hybrid architectures, with a design grounded on two simple observations. First, operators in hybrid models can be tailored to token manipulation tasks such as in-context recall, multi-token recall, and…

Linear attentions have shown potential for improving Transformer efficiency, reducing attention's quadratic complexity to linear in sequence length. This holds exciting promise for (1) training linear Transformers from scratch, (2)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-08 Michael Zhang , Kush Bhatia , Hermann Kumbong , Christopher Ré

Linear attention is an efficient attention mechanism that has recently emerged as a promising alternative to conventional softmax attention. With its ability to process tokens in linear computational complexities, linear attention, in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-17 Zhen Qin , Weigao Sun , Dong Li , Xuyang Shen , Weixuan Sun , Yiran Zhong

The attention mechanism is a pivotal element within the transformer architecture, making a substantial contribution to its exceptional performance. Within this attention mechanism, Softmax is an imperative component that enables the model…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-09-05 Tianhua Xia , Sai Qian Zhang

Mainstream Transformer-based large language models face major efficiency bottlenecks: training computation scales quadratically with sequence length, and inference memory grows linearly, limiting long-context processing. Building large…

Transformers have shown dominant performance across a range of domains including language and vision. However, their computational cost grows quadratically with the sequence length, making their usage prohibitive for resource-constrained…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Yinghan Long , Sayeed Shafayet Chowdhury , Kaushik Roy