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In the era of big data, reducing data dimensionality is critical in many areas of science. Widely used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) addresses this problem by computing a low dimensional data embedding that maximally explain variance…

机器学习 · 统计学 2017-02-24 Soheil Feizi , David Tse

Unsupervised learning makes manifest the underlying structure of data without curated training and specific problem definitions. However, the inference of relationships between data points is frustrated by the `curse of dimensionality' in…

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and its exponential family extensions have three components: observations, latents and parameters of a linear transformation. We consider a generalised setting where the canonical parameters of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-14 Russell Tsuchida , Cheng Soon Ong

This paper proposes an extension of principal component analysis for Gaussian process (GP) posteriors, denoted by GP-PCA. Since GP-PCA estimates a low-dimensional space of GP posteriors, it can be used for meta-learning, which is a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-04-07 Hideaki Ishibashi , Shotaro Akaho

This paper examines in detail the geometric structure of principal component analysis (PCA) by considering in detail the distributions of both unrotated and rotated MNIST digits in the space defined by the lowest order PCA components. Since…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 David Yevick , Karolina Hutchison

Principal component analysis (PCA), along with its extensions to manifolds and outlier contaminated data, have been indispensable in computer vision and machine learning. In this work, we present a unifying formalism for PCA and its…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Nathan Mankovich , Gustau Camps-Valls , Tolga Birdal

Infrared small target detection plays a vital role in remote sensing, industrial monitoring, and various civilian applications. Despite recent progress powered by deep learning, many end-to-end convolutional models tend to pursue…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Zihao Xiong , Fei Zhou , Fengyi Wu , Shuai Yuan , Maixia Fu , Zhenming Peng , Jian Yang , Yimian Dai

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a classical dimension reduction method which projects data onto the principal subspace spanned by the leading eigenvectors of the covariance matrix. However, it behaves poorly when the number of…

统计理论 · 数学 2013-05-27 Zongming Ma

An autoencoder is a neural network which data projects to and from a lower dimensional latent space, where this data is easier to understand and model. The autoencoder consists of two sub-networks, the encoder and the decoder, which carry…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2019-04-03 Saïd Ladjal , Alasdair Newson , Chi-Hieu Pham

Methodologies for multidimensionality reduction aim at discovering low-dimensional manifolds where data ranges. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is very effective if data have linear structure. But fails in identifying a possible…

数值分析 · 数学 2021-01-14 Alberto García-González , Antonio Huerta , Sergio Zlotnik , Pedro Díez

Sparse principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-established dimensionality reduction technique that is often used for unsupervised feature selection (UFS). However, determining the regularization parameters is rather challenging, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-07 Long Chen , Xianchao Xiu

This study utilizes Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to unveil a consistent semantic structure within embeddings of words or images. Our approach extracts independent semantic components from the embeddings of a pre-trained model by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-03 Hiroaki Yamagiwa , Momose Oyama , Hidetoshi Shimodaira

Principal component analysis (PCA) is largely adopted for chemical process monitoring and numerous PCA-based systems have been developed to solve various fault detection and diagnosis problems. Since PCA-based methods assume that the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-12-13 Haitao Zhao

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and other multi-variate models are often used in the analysis of "omics" data. These models contain much information which is currently neither easily accessible nor interpretable. Here we present an…

基因组学 · 定量生物学 2021-11-18 Nordine Aouni , Luc Linders , David Robinson , Len Vandelaer , Jessica Wiezorek , Geetesh Gupta , Rachel Cavill

We propose a modular, data-driven framework for jointly learning unknown functional mappings and discovering the underlying one-parameter symmetry subgroup governing the data. Unlike conventional geometric deep learning methods that assume…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Pavan Karjol , Vivek V Kashyap , Rohan Kashyap , Prathosh A P

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a highly useful topic within an introductory Linear Algebra course, especially since it can be used to incorporate a number of applied projects. This method represents an essential application and…

历史与综述 · 数学 2016-04-19 Stephen Pankavich , Rebecca Swanson

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used unsupervised dimensionality reduction technique in machine learning, applied across various fields such as bioinformatics, computer vision and finance. However, when the response variables…

应用统计 · 统计学 2025-06-25 Theodosios Papazoglou , Guosheng Yin

This work includes all the technical details of the Sequential Principal Curves Analysis (SPCA) in a single document. SPCA is an unsupervised nonlinear and invertible feature extraction technique. The identified curvilinear features can be…

机器学习 · 统计学 2016-06-06 Valero Laparra , Jesus Malo

Sparse principal component analysis (sparse PCA) is a widely used technique for dimensionality reduction in multivariate analysis, addressing two key limitations of standard PCA. First, sparse PCA can be implemented in high-dimensional low…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-10-07 Jan O. Bauer

We present a technique to perform dimensionality reduction on data that is subject to uncertainty. Our method is a generalization of traditional principal component analysis (PCA) to multivariate probability distributions. In comparison to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-14 Jochen Görtler , Thilo Spinner , Dirk Streeb , Daniel Weiskopf , Oliver Deussen