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Diffusion language models (DLMs) enable parallel, order-agnostic generation with iterative refinement, offering a flexible alternative to autoregressive large language models (LLMs). However, adapting reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Kevin Rojas , Jiahe Lin , Kashif Rasul , Anderson Schneider , Yuriy Nevmyvaka , Molei Tao , Wei Deng

Reinforcement Learning (RL) applications in real-world scenarios must prioritize safety and reliability, which impose strict constraints on agent behavior. Model-based RL leverages predictive world models for action planning and policy…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Artem Latyshev , Gregory Gorbov , Aleksandr I. Panov

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown exceptional reasoning capabilities, but they also suffer from the issue of overthinking, often generating excessively long and redundant answers. For problems that exceed the model's capabilities,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Yinan Xia , Haotian Zhang , Huiming Wang

Diffusion-based policies have gained growing popularity in solving a wide range of decision-making tasks due to their superior expressiveness and controllable generation during inference. However, effectively training large diffusion…

Flow-based generative models, including diffusion models, excel at modeling continuous distributions in high-dimensional spaces. In this work, we introduce Flow Policy Optimization (FPO), a simple on-policy reinforcement learning algorithm…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-04 David McAllister , Songwei Ge , Brent Yi , Chung Min Kim , Ethan Weber , Hongsuk Choi , Haiwen Feng , Angjoo Kanazawa

Provably efficient Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) based on optimism or posterior sampling (PSRL) is ensured to attain the global optimality asymptotically by introducing the complexity measure of the model. However, the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-19 Shenao Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been extensively employed in a wide range of decision-making problems, such as games and robotics. Recently, diffusion policies have shown strong potential in modeling multi-modal behaviors, enabling more…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Ben Liu , Shunpeng Yang , Hua Chen

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools for 3D medical image generation, yet bridging the gap between standard training objectives and clinical relevance remains a challenge. This paper presents a method to enhance 3D diffusion…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Yueying Tian , Xudong Han , Meng Zhou , Rodrigo Aviles-Espinosa , Rupert Young , Philip Birch

Bridging the gap between diffusion models and human preferences is crucial for their integration into practical generative workflows. While optimizing downstream reward models has emerged as a promising alignment strategy, concerns arise…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Ziyi Zhang , Sen Zhang , Yibing Zhan , Yong Luo , Yonggang Wen , Dacheng Tao

Policy-based Reinforcement Learning (RL) has established itself as the dominant paradigm in generative recommendation for optimizing sequential user interactions. However, when applied to offline historical logs, these methods suffer a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Jie Jiang , Yusen Huo , Xiangxin Zhan , Changping Wang , Jun Zhang

Reinforcement learning has emerged as a powerful tool for improving diffusion-based text-to-image models, but existing methods are largely limited to single-task optimization. Extending RL to multiple tasks is challenging: joint…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Quanhao Li , Junqiu Yu , Kaixun Jiang , Yujie Wei , Zhen Xing , Pandeng Li , Ruihang Chu , Shiwei Zhang , Yu Liu , Zuxuan Wu

Recent research has highlighted the powerful capabilities of imitation learning in robotics. Leveraging generative models, particularly diffusion models, these approaches offer notable advantages such as strong multi-task generalization,…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-09-15 Xinyao Qin , Xiaoteng Ma , Yang Qi , Qihan Liu , Chuanyi Xue , Ning Gui , Qinyu Dong , Jun Yang , Bin Liang

Model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) reduces the cost of real-environment sampling by generating synthetic trajectories (called rollouts) from a learned dynamics model. However, choosing the length of the rollouts poses two dilemmas:…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Akihiro Kubo , Paavo Parmas , Shin Ishii

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown strong performance in LLM post-training, but real-world deployment often involves noisy or incomplete supervision. In such settings, complex and unreliable supervision signals can destabilize training…

Federated Reinforcement Learning (FRL) has been deemed as a promising solution for intelligent decision-making in the era of Artificial Internet of Things. However, existing FRL approaches often entail repeated interactions with the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-30 Sheng Yue , Zerui Qin , Xingyuan Hua , Yongheng Deng , Ju Ren

Real-world decision-making problems are often marked by complex, uncertain dynamics that can shift or break under changing conditions. Traditional Model-Based Reinforcement Learning (MBRL) approaches learn predictive models of environment…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-14 Alberto Caron , Vasilios Mavroudis , Chris Hicks

Designing and deriving effective model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) algorithms with a performance improvement guarantee is challenging, mainly attributed to the high coupling between model learning and policy optimization. Many prior…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-25 Hai Zhang , Hang Yu , Junqiao Zhao , Di Zhang , Chang Huang , Hongtu Zhou , Xiao Zhang , Chen Ye

This tutorial provides a comprehensive survey of methods for fine-tuning diffusion models to optimize downstream reward functions. While diffusion models are widely known to provide excellent generative modeling capability, practical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-19 Masatoshi Uehara , Yulai Zhao , Tommaso Biancalani , Sergey Levine

Few-step diffusion models enable efficient high-resolution image synthesis but struggle to align with specific downstream objectives due to limitations of existing reinforcement learning (RL) methods in low-step regimes with limited state…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Ziyi Zhang , Li Shen , Sen Zhang , Deheng Ye , Yong Luo , Miaojing Shi , Dongjing Shan , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

This work studies reinforcement learning (RL) in the context of multi-period supply chains subject to constraints, e.g., on production and inventory. We introduce Distributional Constrained Policy Optimization (DCPO), a novel approach for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-06 Jaime Sabal Bermúdez , Antonio del Rio Chanona , Calvin Tsay