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Multimodal large language model (MLLM) inference splits into two phases with opposing hardware demands: vision encoding is compute-bound, while language generation is memory-bandwidth-bound. We show that under standard transformer KV…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Donglin Yu

RAPID-LLM is a unified performance modeling framework for large language model (LLM) training and inference on GPU clusters. It couples a DeepFlow-based frontend that generates hardware-aware, operator-level Chakra execution traces from an…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human language, but efficient inference on resource-constrained embedded devices remains challenging due to large model sizes and…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Weihong Xu , Haein Choi , Po-kai Hsu , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs), driven by growing parameter scales, adoption of mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures, and expanding context lengths, imposes unprecedented demands on AI infrastructure. Traditional AI…

Emerging AI accelerators increasingly adopt wafer-scale manufacturing technologies, integrating hundreds of thousands of AI cores in a mesh architecture with large distributed on-chip memory (tens of GB in total) and ultra-high on-chip…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Congjie He , Yeqi Huang , Pei Mu , Ziming Miao , Jilong Xue , Lingxiao Ma , Fan Yang , Luo Mai

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently on edge devices is often constrained by limited memory capacity and high power consumption. Low-bit quantization methods, particularly ternary quantization, have demonstrated significant…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-05-02 Chenyang Yin , Zhenyu Bai , Pranav Venkatram , Shivam Aggarwal , Zhaoying Li , Tulika Mitra

Existing works on large language model (LLM) decomposition mainly focus on improving performance on downstream tasks, but they ignore the poor parallel inference performance when trying to scale up the model size. To mitigate this important…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 You-Liang Huang , Xinhao Huang , Chengxi Liao , Zeyi Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have propelled groundbreaking advancements across several domains and are commonly used for text generation applications. However, the computational demands of these complex models pose significant challenges,…

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) presents significant challenges due to their enormous memory footprints, low arithmetic intensity, and stringent latency requirements, particularly during the autoregressive decoding stage.…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-11-03 Cenlin Duan , Jianlei Yang , Rubing Yang , Yikun Wang , Yiou Wang , Lingkun Long , Yingjie Qi , Xiaolin He , Ao Zhou , Xueyan Wang , Weisheng Zhao

Transformer based Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used in many fields, and the efficiency of LLM inference becomes hot topic in real applications. However, LLMs are usually complicatedly designed in model structure with…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-06-25 Hui Wu , Yi Gan , Feng Yuan , Jing Ma , Wei Zhu , Yutao Xu , Hong Zhu , Yuhua Zhu , Xiaoli Liu , Jinghui Gu , Peng Zhao

As large language models (LLMs) continue to grow in size, distributed inference has become increasingly important. Model-parallel strategies must now efficiently scale not only across multiple GPUs but also across multiple nodes. In this…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Prajwal Singhania , Siddharth Singh , Lannie Dalton Hough , Akarsh Srivastava , Harshitha Menon , Charles Fredrick Jekel , Abhinav Bhatele

Inference of Large Language Models (LLMs) across computer clusters has become a focal point of research in recent times, with many acceleration techniques taking inspiration from CPU speculative execution. These techniques reduce…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-19 Branden Butler , Sixing Yu , Arya Mazaheri , Ali Jannesari

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit pronounced memory-bound characteristics during inference due to High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) bandwidth constraints. In this paper, we propose an L2 Cache-oriented asynchronous KV Cache prefetching method…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Yanhao Dong , Yubo Miao , Weinan Li , Xiao Zheng , Chao Wang , Jiesheng Wu , Feng Lyu

Large language models~(LLMs) are known for their high demand on computing resources and memory due to their substantial model size, which leads to inefficient inference on moderate GPU systems. Techniques like quantization or pruning can…

计算工程、金融与科学 · 计算机科学 2024-11-26 Wenxiang Lin , Xinglin Pan , Shaohuai Shi , Xuan Wang , Xiaowen Chu

The recent surge of open-source large language models (LLMs) enables developers to create AI-based solutions while maintaining control over aspects such as privacy and compliance, thereby providing governance and ownership of the model…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-08-05 Matias Martinez

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on resource-constrained edge devices faces critical bottlenecks in memory bandwidth and power consumption. While ternary quantization (e.g., BitNet b1.58) significantly reduces model size, its direct…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Zi-Wei Lin , Tian-Sheuan Chang

Large Language Models drive a wide range of modern AI applications but impose substantial challenges on large-scale serving systems due to intensive computation, strict latency constraints, and throughput bottlenecks. We introduce…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Jun Wang , Yunxiang Yao , Wenwei Kuang , Runze Mao , Zhenhao Sun , Zhuang Tao , Ziyang Zhang , Dengyu Li , Jiajun Chen , Zhili Wang , Kai Cui , Congzhi Cai , Longwen Lan , Ken Zhang

The past several years have witnessed the success of transformer-based models, and their scale and application scenarios continue to grow aggressively. The current landscape of transformer models is increasingly diverse: the model size…

Recent breakthroughs in Large-scale language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on various tasks. The immense sizes of LLMs have led to very high resource demand and cost for running the models. Though the models are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-05 Juntao Zhao , Borui Wan , Yanghua Peng , Haibin Lin , Chuan Wu

The attention layer, a core component of Transformer-based LLMs, brings out inefficiencies in current GPU systems due to its low operational intensity and the substantial memory requirements of KV caches. We propose a High-bandwidth…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Myunghyun Rhee , Joonseop Sim , Taeyoung Ahn , Seungyong Lee , Daegun Yoon , Euiseok Kim , Kyoung Park , Youngpyo Joo , Hoshik Kim