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This is an expository article on the score-based diffusion models, with a particular focus on the formulation via stochastic differential equations (SDE). After a gentle introduction, we discuss the two pillars in the diffusion modeling --…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Wenpin Tang , Hanyang Zhao

Diffusion models are powerful generative models that map noise to data using stochastic processes. However, for many applications such as image editing, the model input comes from a distribution that is not random noise. As such, diffusion…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-12-06 Linqi Zhou , Aaron Lou , Samar Khanna , Stefano Ermon

The success of denoising diffusion models raises important questions regarding their generalisation behaviour, particularly in high-dimensional settings. Notably, it has been shown that when training and sampling are performed perfectly,…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-07-08 Tyler Farghly , Patrick Rebeschini , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

Propensity score matching (PSM) is the de-facto standard for estimating causal effects in observational studies. We show that PSM and its implementations are susceptible to several major drawbacks and illustrate these findings using a case…

应用统计 · 统计学 2019-05-20 Felix Bestehorn , Maike Bestehorn , Markus Bestehorn , Christian Kirches

Training neural samplers directly from unnormalized densities without access to target distribution samples presents a significant challenge. A critical desideratum in these settings is achieving comprehensive mode coverage, ensuring the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Chenguang Wang , Xiaoyu Zhang , Kaiyuan Cui , Weichen Zhao , Yongtao Guan , Tianshu Yu

Recent score-based diffusion models (SBDMs) show promising results in unpaired image-to-image translation (I2I). However, existing methods, either energy-based or statistically-based, provide no explicit form of the interfered intermediate…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-07 Shikun Sun , Longhui Wei , Junliang Xing , Jia Jia , Qi Tian

Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD) is a widely used paradigm for accelerating inference in few-step video diffusion models. However, DMD-style video distillation faces two coupled challenges: the fake score must track a continuously…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Zhuguanyu Wu , Ruihao Gong , Yang Yong , Yushi Huang , Xiangyu Fan , Lei Yang , Dahua Lin , Xianglong Liu

In this paper, a signal detection method based on the denoise diffusion model (DM) is proposed, which outperforms the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation method that has long been regarded as the optimal signal detection technique.…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-01-14 Xiucheng Wang , Peilin Zheng , Nan Cheng

Denoising score matching (DSM) provides a way to learn data distributions by training a neural network to recover the score function, defined as the gradient of the log density, from noise-corrupted samples. Once trained, the score…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Victor Livernoche , Jie Zan , Reihaneh Rabbany

A prominent family of methods for learning data distributions relies on density ratio estimation (DRE), where a model is trained to $\textit{classify}$ between data samples and samples from some reference distribution. DRE-based models can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-01 Shahar Yadin , Noam Elata , Tomer Michaeli

Diffusion-based methods represented as stochastic differential equations on a continuous-time domain have recently proven successful as a non-adversarial generative model. Training such models relies on denoising score matching, which can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Sarthak Mittal , Korbinian Abstreiter , Stefan Bauer , Bernhard Schölkopf , Arash Mehrjou

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful framework in generative modeling, typically relying on optimizing neural networks to estimate the score function via forward SDE simulations. In this work, we propose an alternative method that is…

数值分析 · 数学 2025-06-17 Yuehaw Khoo , Mathias Oster , Yifan Peng

Conditional diffusion models have shown remarkable performance in various generative tasks, but training them requires large-scale datasets that often contain noise in conditional inputs, a.k.a. noisy labels. This noise leads to condition…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-28 Byeonghu Na , Yeongmin Kim , HeeSun Bae , Jung Hyun Lee , Se Jung Kwon , Wanmo Kang , Il-Chul Moon

Since their initial introduction, score-based diffusion models (SDMs) have been successfully applied to solve a variety of linear inverse problems in finite-dimensional vector spaces due to their ability to efficiently approximate the…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-10-31 Lorenzo Baldassari , Ali Siahkoohi , Josselin Garnier , Knut Solna , Maarten V. de Hoop

In Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DPMs), the task of modeling the score evolution via a single time-dependent neural network necessitates extended training periods and may potentially impede modeling flexibility and capacity. To counteract…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-06 Etrit Haxholli , Marco Lorenzi

We introduce a new discrepancy score between two distributions that gives an indication on their similarity. While much research has been done to determine if two samples come from exactly the same distribution, much less research…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2012-10-16 Maayan Harel , Shie Mannor

Score matching estimators have gained widespread attention in recent years partly because they are free from calculating the integral of normalizing constant, thereby addressing the computational challenges in maximum likelihood estimation…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-10-08 Haoqun Cao , Zizhuo Meng , Tianjun Ke , Feng Zhou

We provide new convergence guarantees in Wasserstein distance for diffusion-based generative models, covering both stochastic (DDPM-like) and deterministic (DDIM-like) sampling methods. We introduce a simple framework to analyze…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Eliot Beyler , Francis Bach

Score matching is a vital tool for learning the distribution of data with applications across many areas including diffusion processes, energy based modelling, and graphical model estimation. Despite all these applications, little work…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-06-03 Josh Givens , Song Liu , Henry W J Reeve

Diffusion probabilistic models (DPMs) have exhibited excellent performance for high-fidelity image generation while suffering from inefficient sampling. Recent works accelerate the sampling procedure by proposing fast ODE solvers that…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Kaiwen Zheng , Cheng Lu , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu