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The reward model has become increasingly important in alignment, assessment, and data construction for large language models (LLMs). Most existing researchers focus on enhancing reward models through data improvements, following the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-09 Shujun Liu , Xiaoyu Shen , Yuhang Lai , Siyuan Wang , Shengbin Yue , Zengfeng Huang , Xuanjing Huang , Zhongyu Wei

With the rapid evolution of large language models (LLM), reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a pivotal technique for code generation and optimization in various domains. This paper presents a systematic survey of the application of…

Large pretrained models are showing increasingly better performance in reasoning and planning tasks across different modalities, opening the possibility to leverage them for complex sequential decision making problems. In this paper, we…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Martin Klissarov , Devon Hjelm , Alexander Toshev , Bogdan Mazoure

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to automate reward engineering by leveraging their broad domain knowledge across various tasks. However, they often need many iterations of trial-and-error to generate effective reward…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-28 Vishnu Sarukkai , Brennan Shacklett , Zander Majercik , Kush Bhatia , Christopher Ré , Kayvon Fatahalian

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has been credited as the key advance that has allowed Large Language Models (LLMs) to effectively follow instructions and produce useful assistance. Classically, this involves generating…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-02 Alex J. Chan , Hao Sun , Samuel Holt , Mihaela van der Schaar

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate fluent text, producing high-quality creative stories remains challenging. Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a promising solution but faces two critical obstacles: designing reliable reward…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Zhaoyan Li , Hang Lei , Yujia Wang , Lanbo Liu , Hao Liu , Liang Yu

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have achieved strong performance on general transcription tasks. However, they continue to struggle with recognizing rare named entities and adapting to domain mismatches. In contrast, large…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Shaoshi Ling , Guoli Ye

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach for aligning large language models (LLMs) knowledge with sequential decision-making tasks. However, few studies have thoroughly investigated the impact on LLM agents capabilities of…

Reasoning models (RMs), language models (LMs) trained with reinforcement learning to produce long-form natural language reasoning, have been remarkably successful, but they still require large amounts of computation and data to train, and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Cedegao E. Zhang , Cédric Colas , Gabriel Poesia , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Jacob Andreas

Credit assignment, the process of attributing credit or blame to individual agents for their contributions to a team's success or failure, remains a fundamental challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), particularly in…

Designing dense reward functions is pivotal for efficient robotic Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, most dense rewards rely on manual engineering, which fundamentally limits the scalability and automation of reinforcement learning.…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Xunlan Zhou , Xuanlin Chen , Shaowei Zhang , ShengHua Wan , Xiaohai Hu , Lei Yuan , De-chuan Zhan

Reward design is a fundamental problem in reinforcement learning (RL). A misspecified or poorly designed reward can result in low sample efficiency and undesired behaviors. In this paper, we propose the idea of programmatic reward design,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-01-10 Weichao Zhou , Wenchao Li

Maintaining consistency in long-term dialogues remains a fundamental challenge for LLMs, as standard retrieval mechanisms often fail to capture the temporal evolution of historical states. While memory-augmented frameworks offer a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Zhiyu Shen , Ziming Wu , Fuming Lai , Shaobing Lian , Yanghui Rao

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Visual Language Models (VLMs) have significantly impacted robotics, enabling high-level semantic motion planning applications. Reinforcement Learning (RL), a complementary paradigm,…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-06-11 Niccolò Turcato , Matteo Iovino , Aris Synodinos , Alberto Dalla Libera , Ruggero Carli , Pietro Falco

Reinforcement learning is a promising approach for learning control policies for robot tasks. However, specifying complex tasks (e.g., with multiple objectives and safety constraints) can be challenging, since the user must design a reward…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-30 Kishor Jothimurugan , Rajeev Alur , Osbert Bastani

Large language models (LLMs) can be used to support software development tasks, e.g., through code completion or code generation. However, their effectiveness drops significantly when considering less popular programming languages such as…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 David Delgado , Lola Burgueño , Robert Clarisó

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) struggle with numerical regression under long-tailed target distributions. Token-level supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and point-wise regression rewards bias learning toward high-density regions,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Yao Du , Shanshan Song , Xiaomeng Li

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong code generation capabilities, yet the runtime performance of generated code is not guaranteed, and there have been few attempts to train LLMs using runtime performance as a reward in the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Ryo Mikasa , Shun-ichiro Hayashi , Daichi Mukunoki , Tetsuya Hoshino , Takahiro Katagiri

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a key paradigm for aligning and optimizing large language models (LLMs). Standard approaches treat the LLM as the policy and apply RL directly over the full vocabulary space. However, this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Jing-Cheng Pang , Liang Lu , Xian Tang , Kun Jiang , Sijie Wu , Kai Zhang , Xubin Li

Fine-tuning a pre-trained generative model has demonstrated good performance in generating promising drug molecules. The fine-tuning task is often formulated as a reinforcement learning problem, where previous methods efficiently learn to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Hampus Gummesson Svensson , Christian Tyrchan , Ola Engkvist , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani