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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning abilities in mathematical tasks, often enhanced through reinforcement learning (RL). However, RL-trained models frequently produce unnecessarily long reasoning traces -- even…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Jinyan Su , Claire Cardie

Designing effective auxiliary rewards for cooperative multi-agent systems remains challenging, as misaligned incentives can induce suboptimal coordination, particularly when sparse task rewards provide insufficient grounding for coordinated…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Dogan Urgun , Gokhan Gungor

Decoding-based regression, which reformulates regression as a sequence generation task, has emerged as a promising paradigm of applying large language models for numerical prediction. However, its progress is hindered by the misalignment…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-09 Ming Chen , Sheng Tang , Rong-Xi Tan , Ziniu Li , Jiacheng Chen , Ke Xue , Chao Qian

Reinforcement Learning (RL) suffers from sample inefficiency in sparse reward domains, and the problem is further pronounced in case of stochastic transitions. To improve the sample efficiency, reward shaping is a well-studied approach to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Siddhant Bhambri , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Durgesh Kalwar , Lin Guan , Huan Liu , Subbarao Kambhampati

Achieving the effective design and improvement of reward functions in reinforcement learning (RL) tasks with complex custom environments and multiple requirements presents considerable challenges. In this paper, we propose ERFSL, an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Guanwen Xie , Jingzehua Xu , Yiyuan Yang , Yimian Ding , Shuai Zhang

Mapping natural language instructions to programs that computers can process is a fundamental challenge. Existing approaches focus on likelihood-based training or using reinforcement learning to fine-tune models based on a single reward. In…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-10-05 Sayan Ghosh , Shashank Srivastava

Decoding strategies largely determine the quality of Large Language Model (LLM) outputs, yet widely used heuristics such as greedy or fixed temperature/top-p decoding are static and often task-agnostic, leading to suboptimal or inconsistent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Asmita Bhardwaj , Yuya Jeremy Ong , Eelaaf Zahid , Basel Shbita

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown great potential in refining robotic manipulation policies, yet its efficacy remains strongly bottlenecked by the difficulty of designing generalizable reward functions. In this paper, we propose a…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Yanru Wu , Weiduo Yuan , Ang Qi , Vitor Guizilini , Jiageng Mao , Yue Wang

Large language model alignment via reinforcement learning depends critically on reward function quality. However, static, domain-specific reward models are often costly to train and exhibit poor generalization in out-of-distribution…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Andrew Zhuoer Feng , Cunxiang Wang , Bosi Wen , Yidong Wang , Yu Luo , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated significant success in enhancing mathematical reasoning and coding performance of large language models (LLMs), especially when structured reference answers are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-02 Yi Su , Dian Yu , Linfeng Song , Juntao Li , Haitao Mi , Zhaopeng Tu , Min Zhang , Dong Yu

Reinforcement learning (RL) can align language models with non-differentiable reward signals, such as human preferences. However, a major challenge arises from the sparsity of these reward signals - typically, there is only a single reward…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Meng Cao , Lei Shu , Lei Yu , Yun Zhu , Nevan Wichers , Yinxiao Liu , Lei Meng

Generating executable code from natural language instructions using Large Language Models (LLMs) poses challenges such as semantic ambiguity and understanding taskspecific contexts. To address these issues, we propose a system called…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-03-25 Nirmal Joshua Kapu , Mihit Sreejith

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in games has gained significant momentum in recent years, enabling the creation of different agent behaviors that can transform a player's gaming experience. However, deploying RL agents in production…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 António Afonso , Iolanda Leite , Alessandro Sestini , Florian Fuchs , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

Generating long, coherent text remains a challenge for large language models (LLMs), as they lack hierarchical planning and structured organization in discourse generation. We introduce Structural Alignment, a novel method that aligns LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Zae Myung Kim , Anand Ramachandran , Farideh Tavazoee , Joo-Kyung Kim , Oleg Rokhlenko , Dongyeop Kang

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable code generation capabilities but falter when adapting to frequent updates in external library APIs. This critical limitation, stemming from reliance on outdated API knowledge from their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-25 Haoze Wu , Yunzhi Yao , Wenhao Yu , Ningyu Zhang

We present LARL-RM (Large language model-generated Automaton for Reinforcement Learning with Reward Machine) algorithm in order to encode high-level knowledge into reinforcement learning using automaton to expedite the reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-13 Shayan Meshkat Alsadat , Jean-Raphael Gaglione , Daniel Neider , Ufuk Topcu , Zhe Xu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising approach for solving various control, optimization, and sequential decision making tasks. However, designing reward functions for complex tasks (e.g., with multiple objectives and safety…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-07-23 Xuan Zhao , Marcos Campos

In practice, rigorous reasoning is often a key driver of correct code, while Reinforcement Learning (RL) for code generation often neglects optimizing reasoning quality. Bringing process-level supervision into RL is appealing, but it faces…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Lishui Fan , Yu Zhang , Mouxiang Chen , Zhongxin Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate transformative potential, yet their reasoning remains inconsistent and unreliable. Reinforcement learning (RL)-based fine-tuning is a key mechanism for improvement, but its effectiveness is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Pei-Chi Pan , Yingbin Liang , Sen Lin

We present a unified framework for Large Language Model (LLM) fine-tuning that integrates Imitation Learning and Reinforcement Learning. By analyzing the gradient of a composite objective combining trajectory-level KL divergence with task…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-30 Yingru Li , Ziniu Li , Jiacai Liu