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We consider the problem of predicting a response $Y$ from a set of covariates $X$ when test and training distributions differ. Since such differences may have causal explanations, we consider test distributions that emerge from…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2021-08-19 Rune Christiansen , Niklas Pfister , Martin Emil Jakobsen , Nicola Gnecco , Jonas Peters

Understanding causal mechanisms is crucial for explaining and generalizing empirical phenomena. Causal mediation analysis offers statistical techniques to quantify the mediation effects. Although numerous methods have been developed for…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-05-12 Jiawei Fu

Mixture distributions provide a versatile and widely used framework for modeling random phenomena, and are particularly well-suited to the analysis of geoscientific processes and their attendant risks to society. For continuous mixtures of…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-06-18 Michael R. Powers , Jiaxin Xu

Identifying causal effects is a key problem of interest across many disciplines. The two long-standing approaches to estimate causal effects are observational and experimental (randomized) studies. Observational studies can suffer from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-09 Sepehr Elahi , Sina Akbari , Jalal Etesami , Negar Kiyavash , Patrick Thiran

Unobserved confounding is a fundamental challenge for estimating causal effects. To address unobserved confounding, recent literature has turned to two different approaches -- proxy variables and the use of multiple treatments. The first…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-05-20 Aytijhya Saha , Stephen Bates , Devavrat Shah

Diffusion-based generative models have achieved promising results recently, but raise an array of open questions in terms of conceptual understanding, theoretical analysis, algorithm improvement and extensions to discrete, structured,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-01 Xingchao Liu , Lemeng Wu , Mao Ye , Qiang Liu

Promising results have driven a recent surge of interest in continuous optimization methods for Bayesian network structure learning from observational data. However, there are theoretical limitations on the identifiability of underlying…

Unobserved confounding is one of the main challenges when estimating causal effects. We propose a causal reduction method that, given a causal model, replaces an arbitrary number of possibly high-dimensional latent confounders with a single…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-02-24 Maximilian Ilse , Patrick Forré , Max Welling , Joris M. Mooij

Estimating causal effects under interference, where the stable unit treatment value assumption is violated, is critical in fields such as regional and public economics. Much of the existing research on causal inference under interference…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-02-03 Akihiro Sato , Shonosuke Sugasawa

Causal identification is at the core of the causal inference literature, where complete algorithms have been proposed to identify causal queries of interest. The validity of these algorithms hinges on the restrictive assumption of having…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-30 Sina Akbari , Fateme Jamshidi , Ehsan Mokhtarian , Matthew J. Vowels , Jalal Etesami , Negar Kiyavash

Many statistical estimands of interest (e.g., in regression or causality) are functions of the joint distribution of multiple random variables. But in some applications, data is not available that measures all random variables on each…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-02-11 Yicong Jiang , Lucas Janson

Causal mediation analysis has historically been limited in two important ways: (i) a focus has traditionally been placed on binary treatments and static interventions, and (ii) direct and indirect effect decompositions have been pursued…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-01-13 Nima S. Hejazi , Kara E. Rudolph , Mark J. van der Laan , Iván Díaz

The gold standard for discovering causal relations is by means of experimentation. Over the last decades, alternative methods have been proposed that can infer causal relations between variables from certain statistical patterns in purely…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-08-21 Joris M. Mooij , Sara Magliacane , Tom Claassen

Describing the causal relations governing a system is a fundamental task in many scientific fields, ideally addressed by experimental studies. However, obtaining data under intervention scenarios may not always be feasible, while…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-05-06 Jack Kuipers , Giusi Moffa

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in studying causality-related properties in machine learning models generally, and in generative models in particular. While that is well motivated, it inherits the fundamental…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2020-01-30 Ioannis Papantonis , Vaishak Belle

In causal inference, it is common to estimate the causal effect of a single treatment variable on an outcome. However, practitioners may also be interested in the effect of simultaneous interventions on multiple covariates of a fixed target…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-11-24 Jaime Roquero Gimenez , Dominik Rothenhäusler

It has become increasingly common nowadays to collect observations of feature and response pairs from different environments. As a consequence, one has to apply learned predictors to data with a different distribution due to distribution…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-10-31 Kang Du , Yu Xiang

We study the problem of learning robust discriminative representations of causally related latent variables given the underlying causal graph and a training set comprising passively collected observational data and interventional data…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Gautam Sreekumar , Vishnu Naresh Boddeti

Causal identification of treatment effects for infectious disease outcomes in interconnected populations is challenging because infection outcomes may be transmissible to others, and treatment given to one individual may affect others'…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2021-05-11 Xiaoxuan Cai , Eben Kenah , Forrest W. Crawford

We consider the estimation of joint causal effects from observational data. In particular, we propose new methods to estimate the effect of multiple simultaneous interventions (e.g., multiple gene knockouts), under the assumption that the…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2016-03-11 Preetam Nandy , Marloes H. Maathuis , Thomas S. Richardson