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In this paper, a novel continuous-aperture array (CAPA)-based wireless communication architecture is proposed, which relies on an electrically large aperture with a continuous current distribution. First, an existing prototype of CAPA is…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-04-15 Yuanwei Liu , Chongjun Ouyang , Zhaolin Wang , Jiaqi Xu , Xidong Mu , Zhiguo Ding

The performance of continuous aperture array (CAPA)-based wireless communications is analyzed in an uplink scenario. An analytical framework is proposed to characterize uplink CAPA-based transmission using electromagnetic field theories. On…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-05-28 Chongjun Ouyang , Yuanwei Liu , Xingqi Zhang

A continuous aperture array (CAPA)-based secure communication system is investigated, where a base station equipped with a CAPA transmits signals to a legitimate user under the existence of an eavesdropper. For improving the secrecy…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-04-16 Jingjing Zhao , Haowen Song , Xidong Mu , Kaiquan Cai , Yanbo Zhu , Yuanwei Liu

The capacity limits of continuous-aperture array (CAPA)-based wireless communications are characterized. To this end, an analytically tractable transmission framework is established for both uplink and downlink CAPA systems. Based on this…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Boqun Zhao , Chongjun Ouyang , Xingqi Zhang , Yuanwei Liu

The channel statistics of a continuous-aperture array (CAPA)-based channel are analyzed using its continuous electromagnetic (EM) properties. The received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is discussed under isotropic scattering conditions. Using…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-02-21 Chongjun Ouyang , Boqun Zhao , Xingqi Zhang , Yuanwei Liu

A concise tutorial is provided for analysis of the spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) in continuous-aperture array (CAPA)-based continuous electromagnetic (EM) channels. First, a simplified spatial model is introduced using the Fresnel…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-03-11 Chongjun Ouyang , Boqun Zhao , Xingqi Zhang , Yuanwei Liu

A novel electromagnetic (EM) structure termed flexible continuous aperture array (FCAPA) is proposed, which incorporates inherent surface flexibility into typical continuous aperture array (CAPA) systems, thereby enhancing the…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-11-13 Kuranage Roche Rayan Ranasinghe , Zhaolin Wang , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu , Emil Björnson

A framework of continuous-aperture array (CAPA)-based integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) under a fading communication channel is proposed. A continuous operator-based signal model is developed, and the statistics of the…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-03-04 Boqun Zhao , Chongjun Ouyang , Xingqi Zhang , Yuanwei Liu

The phenomenon of mutual coupling in continuous aperture arrays (CAPAs) is studied. First, a general physical model for the phenomenon that accounts for both polarization and surface dissipation losses is developed. Then, the unipolarized…

The beamforming optimization in continuous aperture array (CAPA)-based multi-user communications is studied. In contrast to conventional spatially discrete antenna arrays, CAPAs can exploit the full spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) by…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Zhaolin Wang , Chongjun Ouyang , Yuanwei Liu

This paper proposes a distributed continuous aperture array (D CAPA) to support simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) to multiple information users (IUs) and energy users (EUs). Each metasurface supports continuous…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-02-25 Muhammad Zeeshan Mumtaz , Mohammadali Mohammadi , Hien Quoc Ngo , Michail Matthaiou

A novel continuous-aperture-array (CAPA)-aided integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) framework is proposed. Specifically, an optimal continuous ISAC waveform is designed to form a directive beampattern for multi-target sensing while…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-11-26 Junjie Ye , Zhaolin Wang , Yuanwei Liu , Peichang Zhang , Lei Huang , Arumugam Nallanathan

A continuous-aperture array (CAPA)-based integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) framework is proposed for both downlink and uplink scenarios. Within this framework, continuous operator-based signal models are employed to describe the…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Boqun Zhao , Chongjun Ouyang , Xingqi Zhang , Hyundong Shin , Yuanwei Liu

The optimal beamforming design for multi-user continuous aperture array (CAPA) systems is proposed. In contrast to conventional spatially discrete array (SPDA), the beamformer for CAPA is a continuous function rather than a discrete vector…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-06-13 Zhaolin Wang , Chongjun Ouyang , Yuanwei Liu

To satisfy the increasing demands for transmission rates of wireless communications, it is necessary to use spatial resources of electromagnetic (EM) waves. In this context, EM information theory (EIT) has become a hot topic by integrating…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Hui Xu , Jun Wei Wu , Zhen Jie Qi , Hao Tian Wu , Rui Wen Shao , Qiang Cheng , Jieao Zhu , Linglong Dai , Tie Jun Cui

The evolution of wireless networks is driving new paradigms for consideration in upcoming generations. To this end, the 6G anticipates the development of several data-rate-hungry applications, in addition to a forecast growth in…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Elmehdi Illi , Marwa Qaraqe

A continuous aperture array (CAPA)-based multi-group multicast communication system is investigated. An integral-based CAPA multi-group multicast beamforming design is formulated for the maximization of the system energy efficiency (EE),…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Mengyu Qian , Xidong Mu , Li You , Michail Matthaiou

In this paper, we present electromagnetic signal and information theory (ESIT). ESIT is an interdisciplinary scientific discipline, which amalgamates electromagnetic theory, signal processing theory, and information theory. ESIT is aimed at…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2024-01-02 Marco Di Renzo , Marco Donald Migliore

Continuous aperture arrays (CAPAs) have emerged as a promising physical-layer paradigm for sixth generation (6G) systems, offering spatial degrees of freedom beyond those of conventional discrete antenna arrays. This paper investigates the…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-03 Kuranage Roche Rayan Ranasinghe , Getuar Rexhepi , Zhaolin Wang , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu

Continuous aperture arrays (CAPAs) provide a theoretical upper bound on the performance of densely packed antenna arrays, but their analysis is limited by the lack of closed-form signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) distributions under realistic…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-03-13 Amy S. Inwood , Abdulla Firag , Peter J. Smith , Michail Matthaiou
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