相关论文: How Much is Brain Data Worth for Machine Learning?

Gathering training data is a key step of any supervised learning task, and it is both critical and expensive. Critical, because the quantity and quality of the training data has a high impact on the performance of the learned function.…

Deep learning based models are used regularly in every applications nowadays. Generally we train a single model on a single task. However, we can train multiple tasks on a single model under multi-task learning settings. This provides us…

Neuron pruning is widely used to reduce the computational cost and parameter footprint of large language models, yet it remains unclear whether neurons in task-specific models contribute uniformly to task performance. In this work, we…

Machine learning has been widely adopted for medical image analysis in recent years given its promising performance in image segmentation and classification tasks. As a data-driven science, the success of machine learning, in particular…

The bias/variance tradeoff is fundamental to learning: increasing a model's complexity can improve its fit on training data, but potentially worsens performance on future samples. Remarkably, however, the human brain effortlessly handles a…

It is held as a truism that deep neural networks require large datasets to train effective models. However, large datasets, especially with high-quality labels, can be expensive to obtain. This study sets out to investigate (i) how large a…

Assessing the importance of individual training samples is a key challenge in machine learning. Traditional approaches retrain models with and without specific samples, which is computationally expensive and ignores dependencies between…

Over the years, Machine Learning models have been successfully employed on neuroimaging data for accurately predicting brain age. Deviations from the healthy brain aging pattern are associated to the accelerated brain aging and brain…

How can we make sense of large-scale recordings of neural activity across learning? Theories of neural network learning with their origins in statistical physics offer a potential answer: for a given task, there are often a small set of…

Neuroscience has focused on the detailed implementation of computation, studying neural codes, dynamics and circuits. In machine learning, however, artificial neural networks tend to eschew precisely designed codes, dynamics or circuits in…

Deep learning has achieved remarkable results in many computer vision tasks. Deep neural networks typically rely on large amounts of training data to avoid overfitting. However, labeled data for real-world applications may be limited. By…

We propose a novel method for training a neural network for image classification to reduce input data dynamically, in order to reduce the costs of training a neural network model. As Deep Learning tasks become more popular, their…

We study two factors in neural network training: data parallelism and sparsity; here, data parallelism means processing training data in parallel using distributed systems (or equivalently increasing batch size), so that training can be…

Efficiently tackling multiple tasks within complex environment, such as those found in robot manipulation, remains an ongoing challenge in robotics and an opportunity for data-driven solutions, such as reinforcement learning (RL).…

Manipulating data, such as weighting data examples or augmenting with new instances, has been increasingly used to improve model training. Previous work has studied various rule- or learning-based approaches designed for specific types of…

The success of deep learning depends on large-scale and well-curated training data, while data in real-world applications are commonly long-tailed and noisy. Many methods have been proposed to deal with long-tailed data or noisy data, while…

The goal of the Human Brain Project is to develop during the next decade an infrastructure necessary for running a simulation of the entire human brain constrained by current experimental data. One of the key issues is therefore to…

When training multilingual machine translation (MT) models that can translate to/from multiple languages, we are faced with imbalanced training sets: some languages have much more training data than others. Standard practice is to up-sample…

Current state-of-the-art NLP systems use large neural networks that require lots of computational resources for training. Inspired by human knowledge acquisition, researchers have proposed curriculum learning, - sequencing of tasks…

Task incremental learning aims to enable a system to maintain its performance on previously learned tasks while learning new tasks, solving the problem of catastrophic forgetting. One promising approach is to build an individual network or…