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This paper develops a continuous functional framework for treatment effects propagating through geographic space and economic networks. We derive a master equation from three independent economic foundations -- heterogeneous agent…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2025-12-29 Tatsuru Kikuchi

We study estimation of and inference for the average causal effect of treating every member of a population, as opposed to none, using an experiment that treats only some. Considering settings where spillovers can occur between any pair of…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2026-01-29 Stefan Faridani , Paul Niehaus

In estimating spillover effects under network interference, practitioners often use linear regression with either the number or fraction of treated neighbors as regressors. An often overlooked fact is that the latter is undefined for units…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2024-12-10 Bora Kim

Qini curves are a widely used tool for assessing treatment policies under allocation constraints as they visualize the incremental gain of a new treatment policy versus the cost of its implementation. Standard Qini curve estimation assumes…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-11-03 Rickard Karlsson , Bram van den Akker , Felipe Moraes , Hugo M. Proença , Jesse H. Krijthe

Estimating causal effects on networks is challenging because treatments may affect both treated units and their neighbors, while network homophily induces dependence and confounding. These challenges are amplified when causal effects are…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-05-12 Yuanchen Wu , Yubai Yuan

Estimating causal effects under interference, where the stable unit treatment value assumption is violated, is critical in fields such as regional and public economics. Much of the existing research on causal inference under interference…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-02-03 Akihiro Sato , Shonosuke Sugasawa

Randomized experiments have become a standard tool in economics. In analyzing randomized experiments, the traditional approach has been based on the Stable Unit Treatment Value (SUTVA: \cite{rubin}) assumption which dictates that there is…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2020-12-29 Bora Kim

In randomized experiments, the classic Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption (SUTVA) posits that the outcome for one experimental unit is unaffected by the treatment assignments of other units. However, this assumption is frequently…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2024-11-18 Yiming Jiang , He Wang

Adaptive experimentation under unknown network interference requires solving two coupled problems: (i) learning the underlying dynamics of interference among units and (ii) using these dynamics to inform treatment allocation in order to…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-05-13 Aidan Gleich , Eric Laber , Alexander Volfovsky

In longitudinal studies where units are embedded in space or a social network, interference may arise, meaning that a unit's outcome can depend on treatment histories of others. The presence of interference poses significant challenges for…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2025-08-26 Ye Wang , Michael Jetsupphasuk

Network autocorrelation models have been widely used for decades to model the joint distribution of the attributes of a network's actors. This class of models can estimate both the effect of individual characteristics as well as the network…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2020-05-20 Daniel K. Sewell

In an ego-network, an individual (ego) organizes its friends (alters) in different groups (social circles). This social network can be efficiently analyzed after learning representations of the ego and its alters in a low-dimensional, real…

社会与信息网络 · 计算机科学 2020-02-18 Fatemeh Salehi Rizi , Michael Granitzer , Konstantin Ziegler

Estimates of individual treatment effects from networked observational data are attracting increasing attention these days. One major challenge in network scenarios is the violation of the stable unit treatment value assumption (SUTVA),…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-26 Ziyu Zhao , Yuqi Bai , Kun Kuang , Ruoxuan Xiong , Fei Wu

Under network interference, the treatment given to one unit may also affect the outcomes of its neighboring units in an exposure graph. Existing large-sample theory has focused on settings where either the exposure graph is sparse, or the…

统计理论 · 数学 2026-03-27 Bryan Park , Stefan Wager

Interference or spillover effects arise when an individual's outcome (e.g., health) is influenced not only by their own treatment (e.g., vaccination) but also by the treatment of others, creating challenges for evaluating treatment effects.…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2026-01-12 Martin Huber , Jannis Kueck , Mara Mattes

In non-network settings, encouragement designs have been widely used to analyze causal effects of a treatment, policy, or intervention on an outcome of interest when randomizing the treatment was considered impractical or when compliance to…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2016-09-16 Hyunseung Kang , Guido Imbens

This study investigates the causal interpretation of linear social interaction models in the presence of endogeneity in network formation under a heterogeneous treatment effects framework. We consider an experimental setting in which…

计量经济学 · 经济学 2023-10-23 Tadao Hoshino

How should a network experiment be designed to achieve high statistical power? Ex- perimental treatments on networks may spread. Randomizing assignment of treatment to nodes enhances learning about the counterfactual causal effects of a…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2018-04-02 Jake Bowers , Bruce A. Desmarais , Mark Frederickson , Nahomi Ichino , Hsuan-Wei Lee , Simi Wang

Increasingly, there is a marked interest in estimating causal effects under network interference due to the fact that interference manifests naturally in networked experiments. However, network information generally is available only up to…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2022-09-02 Wenrui Li , Daniel L. Sussman , Eric D. Kolaczyk

We consider a causal inference model in which individuals interact in a social network and they may not comply with the assigned treatments. In particular, we suppose that the form of network interference is unknown to researchers. To…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2023-10-24 Tadao Hoshino , Takahide Yanagi