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High-quality evaluation benchmarks are pivotal for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) in Automated Code Review (ACR). However, existing benchmarks suffer from two critical limitations: first, the lack of multi-language support in…

Stackelberg equilibria arise naturally in a range of popular learning problems, such as in security games or indirect mechanism design, and have received increasing attention in the reinforcement learning literature. We present a general…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2023-06-05 Matthias Gerstgrasser , David C. Parkes

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise in control tasks but faces significant challenges in real-world applications, primarily due to the absence of safety guarantees during the learning process. Existing methods often struggle with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-29 Donghe Chen , Han Wang , Lin Cheng , Shengping Gong

Scaling test-time computation with reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a reliable path to improve large language models (LLM) reasoning ability. Yet, outcome-based reward often incentivizes models to be overconfident, leading to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Liaoyaqi Wang , Chunsheng Zuo , William Jurayj , Benjamin Van Durme , Anqi Liu

Game playing has long served as a fundamental benchmark for evaluating Artificial General Intelligence. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in general reasoning, their effectiveness in spatial…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 Yuhao Chen , Shuochen Liu , Yuanjie Lyu , Chao Zhang , Jiayao Shi , Tong Xu

This paper proposes a control-based framework for aligning large language models (LLMs) by leveraging a control barrier function (CBF) to ensure user-desirable text generation. The presented framework applies the CBF safety filter to the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Yuya Miyaoka , Masaki Inoue

We introduce Stackelberg Learning from Human Feedback (SLHF), a new framework for preference optimization. SLHF frames the alignment problem as a sequential-move game between two policies: a Leader, which commits to an action, and a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-19 Barna Pásztor , Thomas Kleine Buening , Andreas Krause

We propose a novel class of risk-aware control barrier functions (RA-CBFs) for the control of stochastic safety-critical systems. Leveraging a result from the stochastic level-crossing literature, we deviate from the martingale theory that…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-08-22 Mitchell Black , Georgios Fainekos , Bardh Hoxha , Danil Prokhorov , Dimitra Panagou

Refereeing is vital in sports, where fair, accurate, and explainable decisions are fundamental. While intelligent assistant technologies are being widely adopted in soccer refereeing, current AI-assisted approaches remain preliminary.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Zi Meng , Wanli Song , Yi Hu , Jiayuan Rao , Gang Chen

The Polymorphic Combinatorial Framework (PCF) leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) and mathematical frameworks to guide the meta-prompt enabled design of solution spaces and adaptive AI agents for complex, dynamic environments. Unlike…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 David Pearl , Matthew Murphy , James Intriligator

Game balancing is a longstanding challenge requiring repeated playtesting, expert intuition, and extensive manual tuning. We introduce RuleSmith, the first framework that achieves automated game balancing by leveraging the reasoning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Ziyao Zeng , Chen Liu , Tianyu Liu , Hao Wang , Xiatao Sun , Fengyu Yang , Xiaofeng Liu , Zhiwen Fan

Deep Q-learning jointly learns representations and values within monolithic networks, promising beneficial co-adaptation between features and value estimates. Although this architecture has attained substantial success, the coupling between…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Fernando Martinez , Tao Li , Yingdong Lu , Juntao Chen

Large language models (LLMs) serve as an active and promising field of generative artificial intelligence and have demonstrated abilities to perform complex tasks in multiple domains, including mathematical and scientific reasoning. In this…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Ao Cheng , Lei Zhang , Guowei He

Controlling artificial agents from visual sensory data is an arduous task. Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can succeed but require large amounts of interactions between the agent and the environment. To alleviate the issue,…

Remarkable progress has been made in automated problem solving through societies of agents based on large language models (LLMs). Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), as a complex problem, presents unique challenges in automated simulations…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-08-08 Yuxuan Chen , Xu Zhu , Hua Zhou , Zhuyin Ren

Generative models, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), produce fluent outputs yet lack verifiable guarantees. We adapt Design by Contract (DbC) and type-theoretic principles to introduce a contract layer that mediates every LLM call.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Claudiu Leoveanu-Condrei

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to achieve remarkable reasoning in domains like mathematics and coding, where verifiable rewards provide clear signals. However, extending this paradigm to financial…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Rui Sun , Yifan Sun , Sheng Xu , Li Zhao , Jing Li , Daxin Jiang , Cheng Hua , Zuo Bai

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional potential in complex reasoning,pioneering a new paradigm for autonomous agent decision making in dynamic settings. However, in Real-Time Strategy (RTS) scenarios, LLMs suffer from a…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Li Ma , Hao Peng , Yiming Wang , Hongbin Luo , Jie Liu , Kongjing Gu , Guanlin Wu , Hui Lin , Lei Ren

In this paper, we introduce a generalization of the standard Stackelberg Games (SGs) framework: Calibrated Stackelberg Games (CSGs). In CSGs, a principal repeatedly interacts with an agent who (contrary to standard SGs) does not have direct…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2023-06-07 Nika Haghtalab , Chara Podimata , Kunhe Yang

Current LLM agents operate under an implicit but universal assumption: execution is a transaction -- the user submits a request, the agent works in isolation, and only upon completion does the dialogue resume. This forces users into a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Zhiyuan Zhai , Ming Li , Xin Wang