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An interactive theorem prover, Isabelle, is under development. In LCF, each inference rule is represented by one function for forwards proof and another (a tactic) for backwards proof. In Isabelle, each inference rule is represented by a…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2008-02-03 Lawrence C. Paulson

Formal verification (FV) has witnessed growing significance with current emerging program synthesis by the evolving large language models (LLMs). However, current formal verification mainly resorts to symbolic verifiers or hand-craft rules,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-06-24 Xiaohan Lin , Qingxing Cao , Yinya Huang , Haiming Wang , Jianqiao Lu , Zhengying Liu , Linqi Song , Xiaodan Liang

Despite the considerable interest in new dependent type theories, simple type theory (which dates from 1940) is sufficient to formalise serious topics in mathematics. This point is seen by examining formal proofs of a theorem about…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2018-04-24 Lawrence C. Paulson

Formal programming language semantics are imperative when trying to verify properties of programs in an automated manner. Using a new approach, Din et al. strengthen the ability of reasoning about concurrent programs by proposing a modular…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2022-02-17 Niklas Heidler

Autoformalization, the process of transforming informal mathematical propositions into verifiable formal representations, is a foundational task in automated theorem proving, offering a new perspective on the use of mathematics in both…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-04 Ke Weng , Lun Du , Sirui Li , Wangyue Lu , Haozhe Sun , Hengyu Liu , Tiancheng Zhang

Formally verifying software properties is a highly desirable but labor-intensive task. Recent work has developed methods to automate formal verification using proof assistants, such as Coq and Isabelle/HOL, e.g., by training a model to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-17 Emily First , Markus N. Rabe , Talia Ringer , Yuriy Brun

We present a formalization of higher-order logic in the Isabelle proof assistant, building directly on the foundational framework Isabelle/Pure and developed to be as small and readable as possible. It should therefore serve as a good…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Simon Tobias Lund , Jørgen Villadsen

We give an overview of our formalizations in the proof assistant Isabelle/HOL of certain irrationality and transcendence criteria for infinite series from three different research papers: by Erd\H{o}s and Straus (1974), Han\v{c}l (2002),…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2022-10-14 Angeliki Koutsoukou-Argyraki , Wenda Li , Lawrence C. Paulson

Automated formalization of mathematics enables mechanical verification but remains limited to isolated theorems and short snippets. Scaling to textbooks and research papers is largely unaddressed, as it requires managing cross-file…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Zichen Wang , Wanli Ma , Zhenyu Ming , Gong Zhang , Kun Yuan , Zaiwen Wen

The research in AI-based formal mathematical reasoning has shown an unstoppable growth trend. These studies have excelled in mathematical competitions like IMO and have made significant progress. This paper focuses on formal verification,…

Foundational verification considers the functional correctness of programming languages with formalized semantics and uses proof assistants (e.g., Coq, Isabelle) to certify proofs. The need for verifying complex programs compels it to…

编程语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Qiyuan Xu , David Sanan , Zhe Hou , Xiaokun Luan , Conrad Watt , Yang Liu

G\"odel's ontological proof has been analysed for the first-time with an unprecedent degree of detail and formality with the help of higher-order theorem provers. The following has been done (and in this order): A detailed natural deduction…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2017-09-05 Christoph Benzmüller , Bruno Woltzenlogel Paleo

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable progress in formal theorem proving. Yet their ability to serve as practical assistants for mathematicians, filling in missing steps within complex proofs, remains…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Xiao-Wen Yang , Zihao Zhang , Jianuo Cao , Zhi Zhou , Zenan Li , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yuan Yao , Taolue Chen , Yu-Feng Li , Xiaoxing Ma

In this project, a rather complete proof-theoretical formalization of Lambek Calculus (non-associative with arbitrary extensions) has been ported from Coq proof assistent to HOL4 theorem prover, with some improvements and new theorems.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2017-05-23 Chun Tian

Using Isabelle/HOL, we verify a union-find data structure with an explain operation due to Nieuwenhuis and Oliveras. We devise a simpler, more naive version of the explain operation whose soundness and completeness is easy to verify. Then,…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Lukas Stevens , Rebecca Ghidini

Isabelle is a generic theorem prover with a fragment of higher-order logic as a metalogic for defining object logics. Isabelle also provides proof terms. We formalize this metalogic and the language of proof terms in Isabelle/HOL, define an…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2021-11-25 Tobias Nipkow , Simon Roßkopf

Autoformalization, the task of automatically translating natural language descriptions into a formal language, poses a significant challenge across various domains, especially in mathematics. Recent advancements in large language models…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-09 Zenan Li , Yifan Wu , Zhaoyu Li , Xinming Wei , Xian Zhang , Fan Yang , Xiaoxing Ma

We formalise the basics of the double-pushout approach to graph transformation in the proof assistant Isabelle/HOL and provide associated machine-checked proofs. Specifically, we formalise graphs, graph morphisms and rules, and a definition…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2022-12-23 Robert Söldner , Detlef Plump

We present a complete Lean 4 formalization of the equilibrium characterization in the Vlasov-Maxwell-Landau (VML) system, which describes the motion of charged plasma. The project demonstrates the full AI-assisted mathematical research…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Vasily Ilin

The proof of the relative consistency of the axiom of choice has been mechanized using Isabelle/ZF. The proof builds upon a previous mechanization of the reflection theorem. The heavy reliance on metatheory in the original proof makes the…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2021-04-27 Lawrence C. Paulson