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In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a successful paradigm for leveraging large language models (LLMs). However, it often struggles to generalize beyond the distribution of the provided demonstrations. A recent advancement in enhancing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Ukyo Honda , Tatsushi Oka

Human action recognition (HAR) with multi-modal inputs (RGB-D, skeleton, point cloud) can achieve high accuracy but typically relies on large labeled datasets and degrades sharply when sensors fail or are noisy. We present Robust…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-11-18 Hasan Akgul , Mari Eplik , Javier Rojas , Akira Yamamoto , Rajesh Kumar , Maya Singh

Instruction-driven image editing with unified multimodal generative models has advanced rapidly, yet their underlying visual reasoning remains limited, leading to suboptimal performance on reasoning-centric edits. Reinforcement learning…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 Hengjia Li , Liming Jiang , Qing Yan , Yizhi Song , Hao Kang , Zichuan Liu , Xin Lu , Boxi Wu , Deng Cai

For reinforcement learning in data-scarce domains like real-world robotics, intensive data reuse enhances efficiency but induces overfitting. While prior works focus on critic bias, representation-level instability in Self-Predictive…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Sanghyeob Song , Donghyeok Lee , Jinsik Kim , Sungroh Yoon

Existing studies on constrained reinforcement learning (RL) may obtain a well-performing policy in the training environment. However, when deployed in a real environment, it may easily violate constraints that were originally satisfied…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-06 Zhongchang Sun , Sihong He , Fei Miao , Shaofeng Zou

Reinforcement learning (RL) for large language model reasoning is frequently hindered by signal loss, a phenomenon where standard uniform sampling with small group sizes fails to uncover informative learning signals for difficult prompts.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-08 Wei Xiong , Chenlu Ye , Baohao Liao , Hanze Dong , Xinxing Xu , Christof Monz , Jiang Bian , Nan Jiang , Tong Zhang

Reinforcement learning (RL) and model predictive control (MPC) offer a wealth of distinct approaches for automatic decision-making under uncertainty. Given the impact both fields have had independently across numerous domains, there is…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-10-13 Nathan P. Lawrence , Philip D. Loewen , Michael G. Forbes , R. Bhushan Gopaluni , Ali Mesbah

Modulation instability is a phenomenon of spontaneous pattern formation in nonlinear media, oftentimes leading to an unpredictable behaviour and a degradation of a signal of interest. We propose an approach based on reinforcement learning…

斑图形成与孤子 · 物理学 2024-07-24 Nikolay Kalmykov , Rishat Zagidullin , Oleg Rogov , Sergey Rykovanov , Dmitry V. Dylov

Recent reinforcement learning approaches, such as outcome-supervised GRPO, have advanced Chain-of-Thought reasoning in large language models (LLMs), yet their adaptation to multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) is unexplored. To address the lack of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Yi Chen , Yuying Ge , Rui Wang , Yixiao Ge , Junhao Cheng , Ying Shan , Xihui Liu

Robust reinforcement learning methods typically focus on suppressing unreliable experiences or corrupted rewards, but they lack the ability to reason about the reliability of their own learning process. As a result, such methods often…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Zhipeng Zhang , Xiongfei Su , Kai Li

Reward models (RMs) play a crucial role in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences and enhancing reasoning quality. Traditionally, RMs are trained to rank candidate outputs based on their correctness and coherence.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-21 Yuhui Xu , Hanze Dong , Lei Wang , Caiming Xiong , Junnan Li

Large language models deployed in the wild must adapt to evolving data, user behavior, and task mixtures without erasing previously acquired capabilities. In practice, this remains difficult: sequential updates induce catastrophic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-20 Afshin Khadangi

Long chain-of-thought (CoT) significantly enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, extensive reasoning traces lead to inefficiencies and increased time-to-first-token (TTFT). We propose a training…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Roy Xie , David Qiu , Deepak Gopinath , Dong Lin , Yanchao Sun , Chong Wang , Saloni Potdar , Bhuwan Dhingra

Inspired by the remarkable reasoning capabilities of Deepseek-R1 in complex textual tasks, many works attempt to incentivize similar capabilities in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) by directly applying reinforcement learning (RL).…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-29 Shuang Chen , Yue Guo , Zhaochen Su , Yafu Li , Yulun Wu , Jiacheng Chen , Jiayu Chen , Weijie Wang , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng

Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods, exemplified by Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) and its variants, play a central role in developing reasoning models. However, these methods often suffer from a critical overconfidence issue,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-24 Haotian Liu , Shuo Wang , Hongteng Xu

The recent advancements in Deep Learning models and techniques have led to significant strides in performance across diverse tasks and modalities. However, while the overall capabilities of models show promising growth, our understanding of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-04-04 Erik Arakelyan

While LLMs demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities when provided with full information in a single turn, they exhibit substantial vulnerability in multi-turn interactions. Specifically, when information is revealed incrementally or…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Xingwu Chen , Zhanqiu Zhang , Yiwen Guo , Difan Zou

Reinforcement learning-based retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods enhance the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, most rely only on final-answer rewards, overlooking intermediate reasoning quality. This…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Jie He , Victor Gutiérrez-Basulto , Jeff Z. Pan

Multi-step reasoning is a fundamental challenge in artificial intelligence, with applications ranging from mathematical problem-solving to decision-making in dynamic environments. Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise in enabling…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-24 Tao Xu , Dung-Yang Lee , Momiao Xiong

Multimodal representation learning aims to construct a shared embedding space in which heterogeneous modalities are semantically aligned. Despite strong empirical results, InfoNCE-based objectives introduce inherent conflicts that yield…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Wenzhe Yin , Pan Zhou , Zehao Xiao , Jie Liu , Shujian Yu , Jan-Jakob Sonke , Efstratios Gavves