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Cognitive control, the ability of a system to adapt to the demands of a task, is an integral part of cognition. A widely accepted fact about cognitive control is that it is context-sensitive: Adults and children alike infer information…

Interactive simulations allow students to discover the underlying principles of a scientific phenomenon through their own exploration. Unfortunately, students often struggle to learn effectively in these environments. Classifying students'…

Understanding the neural mechanism underlying subjective representation has become a central endeavor in cognitive-neuroscience. In theories of conscious perception, stimulus gaining conscious access is usually considered as a discrete…

A common view on the brain learning processes proposes that the three classic learning paradigms -- unsupervised, reinforcement, and supervised -- take place in respectively the cortex, the basal-ganglia, and the cerebellum. However,…

Effective generalization in robotic manipulation requires representations that capture invariant patterns of interaction across environments and tasks. We present a self-supervised framework for learning hierarchical manipulation concepts…

Expectations can substantially influence perception. Predictive coding is a theory of sensory processing that aims to explain the neural mechanisms underlying the effect of expectations in sensory processing. Its main assumption is that…

Despite recent advances in brain research, understanding the various signals for pain and pain intensities in the brain cortex is still a complex task due to temporal and spatial variations of brain hemodynamics. In this paper we have…

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare has advanced significantly, yet affect recognition remains a major challenge, particularly in AI-assisted interventions such as Computerized Cognitive Training (CCT). The…

Neurostimulation technologies have seen a recent surge in interest from the neuroscience and controls communities alike due to their proven potential to treat conditions such as Parkinson's Disease, and depression. The provided stimulation…

A computational architecture is presented, in which "swift and fuzzy" emotional channels guide a "slow and precise" decision-making channel. Reported neurobiological studies first provide hints on the representation of both emotional and…

In recent years, neuroimaging has undergone a paradigm shift, moving away from the traditional brain mapping approach toward developing integrated, multivariate brain models that can predict categories of mental events. However, large…

According to the principle of compositional generalization, the meaning of a complex expression can be understood as a function of the meaning of its parts and of how they are combined. This principle is crucial for human language…

Behavior results from the integration of ongoing sensory signals and contextual information in various forms, such as past experience, expectations, current goals, etc. Thus, the response to a specific stimulus, say the ringing of a…

This paper proposes a framework for the biological learning mechanism as a general learning system. The proposal is as follows. The bursting and tonic modes of firing patterns found in many neuron types in the brain correspond to two…

Human perception is based on unconscious inference, where sensory input integrates with prior information. This phenomenon, known as context dependency, helps in facing the uncertainty of the external world with predictions built upon…

Math anxiety poses significant challenges for university psychology students, affecting their career choices and overall well-being. This study employs a framework based on behavioural forma mentis networks (i.e. cognitive models that map…

Various neurophysiological and cognitive functions are based on transferring information between spiking neurons via a complex system of synaptic connections. In particular, the capacity of presynaptic inputs to influence the postsynaptic…

Inspired by the hierarchical cognitive architecture and the perception-action model (PAM), we propose that the internal status acts as a kind of common-coding representation which affects, mediates and even regulates the sensorimotor…

The process of human affect understanding involves the ability to infer person specific emotional states from various sources including images, speech, and language. Affect perception from images has predominantly focused on expressions…

The primary tasks of a cognitive system is to survive and to maximize a life-long utility function, like the number of offsprings. A direct computational maximization of life-long utility is however not possible in complex environments,…