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Real-Time Bidding (RTB) display advertising is a method for purchasing display advertising inventory in auctions that occur within milliseconds. The performance of RTB campaigns is generally measured with a series of Key Performance…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2020-07-02 Michael Tashman , Jiayi Xie , John Hoffman , Lee Winikor , Rouzbeh Gerami

In a sequential auction with multiple bidding agents, it is highly challenging to determine the ordering of the items to sell in order to maximize the revenue due to the fact that the autonomy and private information of the agents heavily…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2018-10-16 Sicco Verwer , Yingqian Zhang , Qing Chuan Ye

Online advertising platforms use automated auctions to connect advertisers with potential customers, requiring effective bidding strategies to maximize profits. Accurate ad impact estimation requires considering three key factors: delayed…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Yuwei Cheng , Zifeng Zhao , Haifeng Xu

Wind power producers (WPPs) participating in short-term power markets face significant imbalance costs due to their non-dispatchable and variable production. While some WPPs have a large enough market share to influence prices with their…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Shobhit Singhal , Marta Fochesato , Liviu Aolaritei , Florian Dörfler

In this paper, we study the problem of learning to bid in repeated first-price auctions with budget constraints. In each period, the decision maker needs to submit a bid to win the auction and maximize the total collected reward, subject to…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-03-10 Zeng Fu , Jiashuo Jiang , Yuan Zhou

Real-time bidding (RTB) systems, which utilize auctions to allocate user impressions to competing advertisers, continue to enjoy success in digital advertising. Assessing the effectiveness of such advertising remains a challenge in research…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-27 Caio Waisman , Harikesh S. Nair , Carlos Carrion

Bid shading plays a crucial role in Real-Time Bidding (RTB) by adaptively adjusting the bid to avoid advertisers overspending. Existing mainstream two-stage methods, which first model bid landscapes and then optimize surplus using…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2026-04-30 Yinqiu Huang , Hao Ma , Wenshuai Chen , Zongwei Wang , Shuli Wang , Yongqiang Zhang , Xue Wei , Yinhua Zhu , Haitao Wang , Xingxing Wang

Maximizing utility with a budget constraint is the primary goal for advertisers in real-time bidding (RTB) systems. The policy maximizing the utility is referred to as the optimal bidding strategy. Earlier works on optimal bidding strategy…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-04-02 Aritra Ghosh , Saayan Mitra , Somdeb Sarkhel , Viswanathan Swaminathan

In online ad markets, a rising number of advertisers are employing bidding agencies to participate in ad auctions. These agencies are specialized in designing online algorithms and bidding on behalf of their clients. Typically, an agency…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2023-06-14 Yurong Chen , Qian Wang , Zhijian Duan , Haoran Sun , Zhaohua Chen , Xiang Yan , Xiaotie Deng

Reinforcement learning has been widely applied in automated bidding. Traditional approaches model bidding as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). Recently, some studies have explored using generative reinforcement learning methods to address…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-23 Kaiyuan Li , Pengyu Wang , Yunshan Peng , Pengjia Yuan , Yanxiang Zeng , Rui Xiang , Yanhua Cheng , Xialong Liu , Peng Jiang

Auto-bidding has become a cornerstone of modern online advertising platforms, enabling many advertisers to automate bidding at scale and optimize campaign performance. However, prevailing industrial systems rely on single-agent auto-bidding…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Zhiyu Mou , Miao Xu , Rongquan Bai , Zhuoran Yang , Chuan Yu , Jian Xu , Bo Zheng

Real-time bidding (RTB) is an important mechanism in online display advertising, where a proper bid for each page view plays an essential role for good marketing results. Budget constrained bidding is a typical scenario in RTB where the…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2018-10-24 Di Wu , Xiujun Chen , Xun Yang , Hao Wang , Qing Tan , Xiaoxun Zhang , Jian Xu , Kun Gai

Double machine learning is a statistical method for leveraging complex black-box models to construct approximately unbiased treatment effect estimates given observational data with high-dimensional covariates, under the assumption of a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-03 Nitai Fingerhut , Matteo Sesia , Yaniv Romano

Online auctions play a central role in online advertising, and are one of the main reasons for the industry's scalability and growth. With great changes in how auctions are being organized, such as changing the second- to first-price…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2020-09-04 Djordje Gligorijevic , Tian Zhou , Bharatbhushan Shetty , Brendan Kitts , Shengjun Pan , Junwei Pan , Aaron Flores

Today's online advertisers procure digital ad impressions through interacting with autobidding platforms: advertisers convey high level procurement goals via setting levers such as budget, target return-on-investment, max cost per click,…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2023-07-13 Jason Cheuk Nam Liang , Haihao Lu , Baoyu Zhou

Budget management strategies in repeated auctions have received growing attention in online advertising markets. However, previous work on budget management in online bidding mainly focused on second-price auctions. The rapid shift from…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2023-04-27 Qian Wang , Zongjun Yang , Xiaotie Deng , Yuqing Kong

This research focuses on the bid optimization problem in the real-time bidding setting for online display advertisements, where an advertiser, or the advertiser's agent, has access to the features of the website visitor and the type of ad…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-31 Rui Fan , Erick Delage

The proliferation of the Internet has led to the emergence of online advertising, driven by the mechanics of online auctions. In these repeated auctions, software agents participate on behalf of aggregated advertisers to optimize for their…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-13 Haozhe Wang , Chao Du , Panyan Fang , Li He , Liang Wang , Bo Zheng

Real-Time Bidding (RTB) is an important mechanism in modern online advertising systems. Advertisers employ bidding strategies in RTB to optimize their advertising effects subject to various financial requirements, especially the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-07-19 Haozhe Wang , Chao Du , Panyan Fang , Shuo Yuan , Xuming He , Liang Wang , Bo Zheng

We consider the problem of bidding in online advertising, where an advertiser aims to maximize value while adhering to budget and Return-on-Spend (RoS) constraints. Unlike prior work that assumes knowledge of the value generated by winning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-06 Sushant Vijayan , Zhe Feng , Swati Padmanabhan , Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Arun Suggala , Di Wang