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Post-training LLMs with Reinforcement Learning, specifically Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), has emerged as a paradigm for enhancing mathematical reasoning. However, standard GRPO relies on scalar correctness rewards that are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Xiwen Chen , Wenhui Zhu , Peijie Qiu , Xuanzhao Dong , Hao Wang , Haiyu Wu , Huayu Li , Aristeidis Sotiras , Yalin Wang , Abolfazl Razi

Issue localization, the process of identifying code locations that need modification to resolve software issues, is a critical yet challenging task in software development. The semantic gap between natural language issue descriptions and…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Zexiong Ma , Chao Peng , Qunhong Zeng , Pengfei Gao , Yanzhen Zou , Bing Xie

Reward-guided search methods have demonstrated strong potential in enhancing tool-using agents by effectively guiding sampling and exploration over complex action spaces. As a core design, those search methods utilize process reward models…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Dawei Li , Yuguang Yao , Zhen Tan , Huan Liu , Ruocheng Guo

Mathematical reasoning is a key benchmark for large language models. Reinforcement learning is a standard post-training mechanism for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models, yet performance remains sensitive to the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Arash Ahmadi , Sarah Sharif , Yaser , Banad

In practice, reinforcement learning (RL) agents are often trained with a possibly imperfect proxy reward function, which may lead to a human-agent alignment issue (i.e., the learned policy either converges to non-optimal performance with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Zhaohui Jiang , Xuening Feng , Paul Weng , Yifei Zhu , Yan Song , Tianze Zhou , Yujing Hu , Tangjie Lv , Changjie Fan

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited extraordinary performance in a variety of tasks while it remains challenging for them to solve complex multi-step tasks as agents. In practice, agents sensitive to the outcome of certain key steps…

While multiagent systems have shown promise for tackling complex tasks via specialization, finetuning multiple agents simultaneously faces two key challenges: (1) credit assignment across agents, and (2) sample efficiency of expensive…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Ed Li , Junyu Ren , Cat Yan

Enabling large language models (LLMs) to utilize search tools offers a promising path to overcoming fundamental limitations such as knowledge cutoffs and hallucinations. Recent work has explored reinforcement learning (RL) for training…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Yiding Wang , Zhepei Wei , Xinyu Zhu , Yu Meng

Process Reinforcement Learning~(PRL) has demonstrated considerable potential in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models~(LLMs). However, introducing additional process reward models incurs substantial computational…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-04 Wu Fei , Hao Kong , Shuxian Liang , Yang Lin , Yibo Yang , Jing Tang , Lei Chen , Xiansheng Hua

As large language model (LLM) agents evolve from isolated tool users into coordinated teams, reinforcement learning (RL) must optimize not only individual actions but also how work is spawned, delegated, communicated, aggregated, and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Chenchen Zhang

Fine-tuning foundation models has emerged as a powerful approach for generating objects with specific desired properties. Reinforcement learning (RL) provides an effective framework for this purpose, enabling models to generate outputs that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Pouya M. Ghari , Simone Sciabola , Ye Wang

Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) enables large language models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks by interacting with external tools, yet existing approaches depend on high-quality synthesized trajectories selected by scoring functions and sparse…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Siyu Gong , Linan Yue , Weibo Gao , Fangzhou Yao , Shimin Di , Lei Feng , Min-Ling Zhang

Effective tool use is essential for large language models (LLMs) to interact with their environment. However, progress is limited by the lack of efficient reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks specifically designed for tool use, due to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Junjie Ye , Changhao Jiang , Zhengyin Du , Yufei Xu , Xuesong Yao , Zhiheng Xi , Xiaoran Fan , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang , Jiecao Chen

In reinforcement learning (RL), the consideration of multivariate reward signals has led to fundamental advancements in multi-objective decision-making, transfer learning, and representation learning. This work introduces the first…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-05 Harley Wiltzer , Jesse Farebrother , Arthur Gretton , Mark Rowland

Recently, tool-augmented LLMs have gained increasing attention. Given an instruction, tool-augmented LLMs can interact with various external tools in multiple rounds and provide a final answer. However, previous LLMs were trained on overly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Qinzhuo Wu , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Bin Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been recognized as a powerful tool for robot control tasks. RL typically employs reward functions to define task objectives and guide agent learning. However, since the reward function serves the dual purpose…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-10 Zhao Yu , Xiuping Wu , Liangjun Ke

Static feature exclusion strategies often fail to prevent bias when hidden dependencies influence the model predictions. To address this issue, we explore a reinforcement learning (RL) framework that integrates bias mitigation and automated…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Sudip Khadka , L. S. Paudel

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a promising approach for solving various control, optimization, and sequential decision making tasks. However, designing reward functions for complex tasks (e.g., with multiple objectives and safety…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-07-23 Xuan Zhao , Marcos Campos

Reinforcement learning (RL) for large language models (LLMs) increasingly relies on sparse, outcome-level rewards -- yet determining which actions within a long trajectory caused the outcome remains difficult. This credit assignment (CA)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Chenchen Zhang

Recent advances in learnable reward shaping have shown promise in single-agent reinforcement learning by automatically discovering effective feedback signals. However, the effectiveness of decentralized learnable reward shaping in…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Aditya Akella