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Recently, a groundswell of research has identified the use of counterfactual explanations as a potentially significant solution to the Explainable AI (XAI) problem. It is argued that (a) technically, these counterfactual cases can be…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2020-05-29 Mark T. Keane , Barry Smyth

Explainable Artificial Intelligence has become a crucial area of research, aiming to demystify the decision-making processes of deep learning models. Among various explainability techniques, counterfactual explanations have been proven…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Flavio Giorgi , Matteo Silvestri , Cesare Campagnano , Fabrizio Silvestri , Gabriele Tolomei

Recent advancements in generative AI have introduced novel prospects and practical implementations. Especially diffusion models show their strength in generating diverse and, at the same time, realistic features, positioning them well for…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-05 Franz Motzkus , Christian Hellert , Ute Schmid

Counterfactual explanations play an important role in detecting bias and improving the explainability of data-driven classification models. A counterfactual explanation (CE) is a minimal perturbed data point for which the decision of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-27 Donato Maragno , Jannis Kurtz , Tabea E. Röber , Rob Goedhart , Ş. Ilker Birbil , Dick den Hertog

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has become increasingly important in decision-critical domains such as healthcare, finance, and law. Counterfactual (CF) explanations, a key approach in XAI, provide users with actionable insights…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Volkan Bakir , Polat Goktas , Sureyya Akyuz

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) offer interpretable insights into machine learning predictions by answering ``what if?" questions. However, in real-world settings where models are frequently updated, existing counterfactual explanations…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Jamie Duell , Xiuyi Fan

Counterfactual explanations have emerged as a popular solution for the eXplainable AI (XAI) problem of elucidating the predictions of black-box deep-learning systems due to their psychological validity, flexibility across problem domains…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-12-20 Eoin Delaney , Arjun Pakrashi , Derek Greene , Mark T. Keane

Counterfactual explanations (CEs) offer a human-understandable way to explain decisions by identifying specific changes to the input parameters of a base or present model that would lead to a desired change in the outcome. For optimization…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2026-01-06 Felix Engelhardt , Jannis Kurtz , Ş. İlker Birbil , Ted Ralphs

Deep learning models in computer vision have made remarkable progress, but their lack of transparency and interpretability remains a challenge. The development of explainable AI can enhance the understanding and performance of these models.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-01-14 Bismillah Khan , Syed Ali Tariq , Tehseen Zia , Muhammad Ahsan , David Windridge

Explainability is increasingly seen as an essential feature of rule-based smart environments. While counterfactual explanations, which describe what could have been done differently to achieve a desired outcome, are a powerful tool in…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Anna Trapp , Mersedeh Sadeghi , Andreas Vogelsang

Counterfactual explanations (CFEs) highlight what changes to a model's input would have changed its prediction in a particular way. CFEs have gained considerable traction as a psychologically grounded solution for explainable artificial…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-03-24 Ulrike Kuhl , André Artelt , Barbara Hammer

Counterfactual explanations provide a potentially significant solution to the Explainable AI (XAI) problem, but good, native counterfactuals have been shown to rarely occur in most datasets. Hence, the most popular methods generate…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-01-25 Barry Smyth , Mark T Keane

As the demand for interpretable machine learning approaches continues to grow, there is an increasing necessity for human involvement in providing informative explanations for model decisions. This is necessary for building trust and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Peiyu Li , Omar Bahri , Pouya Hosseinzadeh , Soukaïna Filali Boubrahimi , Shah Muhammad Hamdi

The availability of easy-to-use and reliable software implementations is important for allowing researchers in academia and industry to test, assess and take into use eXplainable AI (XAI) methods. This paper describes the \texttt{py-ciu}…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-08-20 Kary Främling

In eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), instance-based explanations for time series have gained increasing attention due to their potential for actionable and interpretable insights in domains such as healthcare. Addressing the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Maciej Mozolewski , Betül Bayrak , Kerstin Bach , Grzegorz J. Nalepa

Counterfactual explanations (CFE) are methods that explain a machine learning model by giving an alternate class prediction of a data point with some minimal changes in its features. It helps the users to identify their data attributes that…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-12-01 Shashank Shekhar , Asif Salim , Adesh Bansode , Vivaswan Jinturkar , Anirudha Nayak

Counterfactual explanations are increasingly used to address interpretability, recourse, and bias in AI decisions. However, we do not know how well counterfactual explanations help users to understand a systems decisions, since no large…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2023-04-04 Greta Warren , Mark T Keane , Ruth M J Byrne

Counterfactual explanation is one branch of interpretable machine learning that produces a perturbation sample to change the model's original decision. The generated samples can act as a recommendation for end-users to achieve their desired…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-28 Tri Dung Duong , Qian Li , Guandong Xu

Contradiction retrieval refers to identifying and extracting documents that explicitly disagree with or refute the content of a query, which is important to many downstream applications like fact checking and data cleaning. To retrieve…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-18 Haike Xu , Zongyu Lin , Yizhou Sun , Kai-Wei Chang , Piotr Indyk

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged as a critical area of research to unravel the opaque inner logic of (deep) machine learning models. Among the various XAI techniques proposed in the literature, counterfactual…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Flavio Giorgi , Cesare Campagnano , Fabrizio Silvestri , Gabriele Tolomei