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Large Language models are revolutionizing the conversational recommender systems through their impressive capabilities in instruction comprehension, reasoning, and human interaction. A core factor underlying effective recommendation…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Mengfan Li , Xuanhua Shi , Yang Deng

Theory of Mind (ToM)-the cognitive ability to reason about mental states of ourselves and others, is the foundation of social interaction. Although ToM comes naturally to humans, it poses a significant challenge to even the most advanced…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-02 Guiyang Hou , Wenqi Zhang , Yongliang Shen , Linjuan Wu , Weiming Lu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown potential in simulating human behaviors and performing theory-of-mind (ToM) reasoning, a crucial skill for complex social interactions. In this study, we investigate the role of ToM reasoning in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Neemesh Yadav , Palakorn Achananuparp , Jing Jiang , Ee-Peng Lim

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, there is increasing interest in their ability to infer human mental states and demonstrate a human-like Theory of Mind (ToM). Most existing ToM evaluations, however, are centered on…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-26 Siqi Liu , Xinyang Li , Bochao Zou , Junbao Zhuo , Huimin Ma , Jiansheng Chen

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to understand the mental states of oneself and others, remains a challenging area for large language models (LLMs), which often fail to predict human mental states accurately. In this paper, we introduce…

Theory-of-Mind (ToM), the ability to infer others' perceptions and mental states, is fundamental to human interaction but remains challenging for Large Language Models (LLMs). While existing ToM reasoning methods show promise with reasoning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Hainiu Xu , Siya Qi , Jiazheng Li , Yuxiang Zhou , Jinhua Du , Caroline Catmur , Yulan He

Evaluating the theory of mind (ToM) capabilities of language models (LMs) has recently received a great deal of attention. However, many existing benchmarks rely on synthetic data, which risks misaligning the resulting experiments with…

As large language models evolve, there is growing anticipation that they will emulate human-like Theory of Mind (ToM) to assist with routine tasks. However, existing methods for evaluating machine ToM focus primarily on unimodal models and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Xinyang Li , Siqi Liu , Bochao Zou , Jiansheng Chen , Huimin Ma

A growing body of work attempts to evaluate the theory of mind (ToM) abilities of humans and large language models (LLMs) using static, non-interactive question-and-answer benchmarks. However, theoretical work in the field suggests that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Jared Moore , Rasmus Overmark , Ned Cooper , Beba Cibralic , Nick Haber , Cameron R. Jones

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to the ability of individuals to attribute mental states to others. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown some promise with ToM ability, they still struggle with complex ToM reasoning. Our approach…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-27 Weizhi Tang , Vaishak Belle

Large language models (LLMs) perform substantially below human level on existing theory-of-mind (ToM) benchmarks, even when augmented with chain-of-thought prompting or probabilistic belief updates. We argue that these failures primarily…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Wang Bill Zhu , Qiutong Tony Yi , Robin Jia , Jesse Thomason

Theory of Mind (ToM) can be used to assess the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex scenarios where social reasoning is required. While the research community has proposed many ToM benchmarks, their hardness varies…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 X. Angelo Huang , Emanuele La Malfa , Samuele Marro , Andrea Asperti , Anthony Cohn , Michael Wooldridge

Human social interactions depend on the ability to infer others' unspoken intentions, emotions, and beliefs-a cognitive skill grounded in the psychological concept of Theory of Mind (ToM). While large language models (LLMs) excel in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-15 Xuanming Zhang , Yuxuan Chen , Samuel Yeh , Sharon Li

Can large multimodal models have a human-like ability for emotional and social reasoning, and if so, how does it work? Recent research has discovered emergent theory-of-mind (ToM) reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs). LLMs…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-16 Zhawnen Chen , Tianchun Wang , Yizhou Wang , Michal Kosinski , Xiang Zhang , Yun Fu , Sheng Li

Theory of Mind (ToM), the capacity to comprehend the mental states of distinct individuals, is essential for numerous practical applications. With the development of large language models (LLMs), there is a heated debate about whether they…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-29 Xiaomeng Ma , Lingyu Gao , Qihui Xu

Humans continuously infer the states, goals, and behaviors of others by perceiving their surroundings in dynamic, real-world social interactions. However, most Theory of Mind (ToM) benchmarks only evaluate static, text-based scenarios,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Xianzhe Fan , Xuhui Zhou , Chuanyang Jin , Kolby Nottingham , Hao Zhu , Maarten Sap

Theory of Mind (ToM) reasoning with Large Language Models (LLMs) requires inferring how people's implicit, evolving beliefs shape what they seek and how they act under uncertainty -- especially in high-stakes settings such as disaster…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Ruxiao Chen , Xilei Zhao , Thomas J. Cova , Frank A. Drews , Susu Xu

Improving the Theory of Mind (ToM) capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for effective social interactions between these AI models and humans. However, the existing benchmarks often measure ToM capability improvement through…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-18 Nanxu Gong , Zixin Chen , Haotian Li , Zishu Zhao , Jianxun Lian , Huamin Qu , Yanjie Fu , Xing Xie

Theory of Mind (ToM) is a critical component of intelligence but its assessment remains the subject of heated debates. Prior research applied human ToM assessments to natural language processing models using either human-created…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-08 Damien Sileo , Antoine Lernould

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to understand people's minds based on their behavior, is key to developing socially intelligent agents. Current approaches to ToM reasoning either rely on prompting Large Language Models (LLMs), which are…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-15 Zhining Zhang , Chuanyang Jin , Mung Yao Jia , Shunchi Zhang , Tianmin Shu