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Multi-agent LLM systems on edge devices face a memory management problem: device RAM is too small to hold every agent's KV cache simultaneously. On Apple M4 Pro with 10.2 GB of cache budget, only 3 agents fit at 8K context in FP16. A…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Yakov Pyotr Shkolnikov

The increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) necessitates inference serving systems that can deliver both high throughput and low latency. Deploying LLMs with hundreds of billions of parameters on memory-constrained GPUs exposes…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Bowen Pang , Kai Li , Feifan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in generative applications such as chatting, code generation, and reasoning. However, many realworld workloads such as classification, question answering, recommendation, and text embedding rely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Dinghong Song , Yuan Feng , Yiwei Wang , Shangye Chen , Cyril Guyot , Filip Blagojevic , Hyeran Jeon , Pengfei Su , Dong Li

Knowledge graphs provide structured context for multi-hop question answering, but deployed systems must balance answer accuracy with strict latency and cost targets while preserving provenance. Static k-hop expansions and "think-longer"…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Yang Zhao , Chengxiao Dai , Wei Zhuo , Yue Xiu , Dusit Niyato

The rise of Generative AI introduces a new class of HPC workloads that integrates lightweight LLMs with traditional high-throughput applications to accelerate scientific discovery. The current design of HPC clusters is inadequate to support…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Thanh Son Phung , Douglas Thain

Large Language Model (LLM) agents tackle data-intensive tasks such as deep research and code generation. However, their effectiveness depends on frequent interactions with knowledge sources across remote clouds or regions. Such interactions…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Chaoyi Ruan , Chao Bi , Kaiwen Zheng , Ziji Shi , Xinyi Wan , Jialin Li

KV cache offloading enables long-context LLM inference by storing caches in CPU DRAM, but PCIe bandwidth limitations create severe bottlenecks. In this paper, we develops an analytical framework that derives $\kappa_{\text{crit}}$, the…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-01-29 William Meng , Benjamin Lee , Hong Wang

The efficiency of Large Language Model~(LLM) inference is often constrained by substantial memory bandwidth and capacity demands. Existing techniques, such as pruning, quantization, and mixture of experts/depth, reduce memory capacity…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-04-23 Rui Xie , Asad Ul Haq , Linsen Ma , Yunhua Fang , Zirak Burzin Engineer , Liu Liu , Tong Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly becoming critical infrastructure for enterprise applications, driving unprecedented demand for GPU-based inference services. A key operational challenge arises from the two-phase nature of LLM…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Ruihan Lin , Zezhen Ding , Zean Han , Jiheng Zhang

High-throughput inference serving is essential for applications built on large language models (LLMs). Existing serving frameworks reduce request-level and batch-level bubbles through batching and scheduling, but often overlook bubbles…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Fengyao Bai , Hongbin Zhang , Zhitao Chen , Jiangsu Du , Zhiguang Chen , Yutong Lu

Large Language Model (LLM) inference, where a trained model generates text one word at a time in response to user prompts, is a computationally intensive process requiring efficient scheduling to optimize latency and resource utilization. A…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-16 Patrick Jaillet , Jiashuo Jiang , Konstantina Mellou , Marco Molinaro , Chara Podimata , Zijie Zhou

Long-context inference in LLMs faces the dual challenges of quadratic attention complexity and prohibitive KV cache memory. While token-level sparse attention offers superior accuracy, its indexing overhead is costly; block-level methods…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Yuxuan Hu , Jianchao Tan , Jiaqi Zhang , Wen Zan , Pingwei Sun , Yifan Lu , Yerui Sun , Yuchen Xie , Xunliang Cai , Jing Zhang

Transformer based Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used in many fields, and the efficiency of LLM inference becomes hot topic in real applications. However, LLMs are usually complicatedly designed in model structure with…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2024-06-25 Hui Wu , Yi Gan , Feng Yuan , Jing Ma , Wei Zhu , Yutao Xu , Hong Zhu , Yuhua Zhu , Xiaoli Liu , Jinghui Gu , Peng Zhao

Several works have developed eviction policies to remove key-value (KV) pairs from the KV cache for more efficient inference. The focus has been on compressing the KV cache after the input prompt has been processed for faster token…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-04 Michael R. Metel , Boxing Chen , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh

Large language models encounter critical GPU memory capacity constraints during long-context inference, where KV cache memory consumption severely limits decode batch sizes. While existing research has explored offloading KV cache to DRAM,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Qiuyang Zhang , Kai Zhou , Ding Tang , Kai Lu , Cheng Li , Zhenyu Yang , Peng Xu , Jiguang Wan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is often used with Large Language Models (LLMs) to infuse domain knowledge or user-specific information. In RAG, given a user query, a retriever extracts chunks of relevant text from a knowledge base.…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Shubham Agarwal , Sai Sundaresan , Subrata Mitra , Debabrata Mahapatra , Archit Gupta , Rounak Sharma , Nirmal Joshua Kapu , Tong Yu , Shiv Saini

The rapid development of large language model (LLM)-based agents has unlocked new possibilities for autonomous multi-turn reasoning and tool-augmented decision-making. However, their real-world deployment is hindered by severe…

Congestion Control (CC), as the core networking task to efficiently utilize network capacity, received great attention and widely used in various Internet communication applications such as 5G, Internet-of-Things, UAN, and more. Various CC…

网络与互联网体系结构 · 计算机科学 2022-06-07 Jianing Bai , Tianhao Zhang , Guangming Xie

Cache fusion accelerates generation process of LLMs equipped with RAG through KV caching and selective token recomputation, thereby reducing computational costs and improving efficiency. However, existing methods primarily rely on local…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2026-04-13 Jianxin Yan , Zeheng Qian , Wangze Ni , Zhitao Shen , Zhiping Wang , Haoyang Li , Jia Zhu , Lei Chen , Kui Ren

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates key limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs)-such as factual errors, outdated knowledge, and hallucinations-by dynamically retrieving external information. Recent work extends this paradigm…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Jingru Lin , Chen Zhang , Stephen Y. Liu , Haizhou Li