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One open question in the study of Large Language Models (LLMs) is whether they can emulate human ethical reasoning and act as believable proxies for human judgment. To investigate this, we introduce a benchmark dataset comprising 196…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-14 Jiashen , Du , Jesse Yao , Allen Liu , Zhekai Zhang

As large language models (LLMs) become more powerful and pervasive across society, ensuring these systems are beneficial, safe, and aligned with human values is crucial. Current alignment techniques, like Constitutional AI (CAI), involve…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Matthew Brophy

As AI systems advance in capabilities, measuring their safety and alignment to human values is becoming paramount. A fast-growing field of AI research is devoted to developing such assessments. However, most current advances therein may be…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Max Hellrigel-Holderbaum , Edward James Young

The fields of AI current lacks methods to quantitatively assess and potentially alter the moral values inherent in the output of large language models (LLMs). However, decades of social science research has developed and refined…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-19 Noam Benkler , Drisana Mosaphir , Scott Friedman , Andrew Smart , Sonja Schmer-Galunder

The proliferation of open-weight Large Language Models (LLMs) has democratized agentic AI, yet fine-tuned weights are frequently shared and adopted with limited scrutiny beyond leaderboard performance. This creates a risk where third-party…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Bhanu Pallakonda , Mikkel Hindsbo , Sina Ehsani , Prag Mishra

Practical uses of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the real world have demonstrated the importance of embedding moral choices into intelligent agents. They have also highlighted that defining top-down ethical constraints on AI according to…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2023-08-31 Elizaveta Tennant , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance across many tasks, but their ability to capture culturally diverse moral values remains unclear. In this paper, we examine whether LLMs mirror variations in moral attitudes reported…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Hadi Mohammadi , Ayoub Bagheri

Deploying large language models (LLMs) with agency in real-world applications raises critical questions about how these models will behave. In particular, how will their decisions align with humans when faced with moral dilemmas? This study…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-04-16 Jiseon Kim , Jea Kwon , Luiz Felipe Vecchietti , Alice Oh , Meeyoung Cha

Moral reasoning is fundamental to safe Artificial Intelligence (AI), yet ensuring its consistency across modalities becomes critical as AI systems evolve from text-based assistants to embodied agents. Current safety techniques demonstrate…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Xinyi Yang , Chenheng Xu , Weijun Hong , Ce Mo , Qian Wang , Fang Fang , Yixin Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit surprisingly diverse risk preferences when acting as AI decision makers, a crucial characteristic whose origins remain poorly understood despite their expanding economic roles. We analyze 50 LLMs using…

综合经济学 · 经济学 2025-06-11 Shumiao Ouyang , Hayong Yun , Xingjian Zheng

The guiding principle of AI alignment is to train large language models (LLMs) to be harmless, helpful, and honest (HHH). At the same time, there are mounting concerns that LLMs exhibit a left-wing political bias. Yet, the commitment to AI…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Thilo Hagendorff

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is a central challenge for ensuring trustworthy and safe deployment. While existing methods such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) and its variants have improved…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2026-03-13 Yuanhong Wu , Djallel Bouneffouf , D. Frank Hsu

In high-stakes AI-supported decisions, considerations are not purely technical but involve moral judgments about fairness, responsibility, and harm. While prior research has focused mainly on functional or behavioral alignment, this paper…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Christiane Ernst , Luis Gutmann , Domenique Zipperling , Kathrin Figl , Niklas Kühl

This study addresses ethical issues surrounding Large Language Models (LLMs) within the field of artificial intelligence. It explores the common ethical challenges posed by both LLMs and other AI systems, such as privacy and fairness, as…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Junfeng Jiao , Saleh Afroogh , Yiming Xu , Connor Phillips

Moral judgment is integral to large language models' (LLMs) social reasoning. As multi-agent systems gain prominence, it becomes crucial to understand how LLMs function when collaborating compared to operating as individual agents. In human…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-30 Anita Keshmirian , Razan Baltaji , Babak Hemmatian , Hadi Asghari , Lav R. Varshney

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly utilized in healthcare applications. However, their deployment in clinical practice raises significant safety concerns, including the potential spread of harmful information. This study…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Hang Zhang , Qian Lou , Yanshan Wang

The increasing success of Large Language Models (LLMs) in variety of tasks lead to their widespread use in our lives which necessitates the examination of these models from different perspectives. The alignment of these models to human…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2023-11-15 Eyup Engin Kucuk , Muhammed Yusuf Kocyigit

Ideal or real - that is the question.In this work, we explore whether principles from game theory can be effectively applied to the evaluation of large language models (LLMs). This inquiry is motivated by the growing inadequacy of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Gao Yang , Yuhang Liu , Siyu Miao , Xinyue Liang , Zhengyang Liu , Heyan Huang

While moral reasoning has emerged as a promising research direction for large language models (LLMs), achieving robust generalization remains a critical challenge. This challenge arises from the gap between what is said and what is morally…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Guangliang Liu , Xi Chen , Bocheng Chen , Xitong Zhang , Kristen Johnson

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become more powerful and autonomous, they increasingly face conflicts and dilemmas in many scenarios. We first summarize and taxonomize these diverse conflicts. Then, we model the LLM's preferences to make…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Zhenheng Tang , Xiang Liu , Qian Wang , Eunsol Choi , Bo Li , Xiaowen Chu