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The Mixture of Experts (MoE) model becomes an important choice of large language models nowadays because of its scalability with sublinear computational complexity for training and inference. However, existing MoE models suffer from two…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2023-04-25 Xin Chen , Hengheng Zhang , Xiaotao Gu , Kaifeng Bi , Lingxi Xie , Qi Tian

Sparse Mixtures of Experts (SMoE) scales model capacity without significant increases in training and inference costs, but exhibits the following two issues: (1) Low expert activation, where only a small subset of experts are activated for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-24 Xun Wu , Shaohan Huang , Wenhui Wang , Furu Wei

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has garnered significant attention for its ability to scale up neural networks while utilizing the same or even fewer active parameters. However, MoE does not alleviate the massive memory requirements of networks,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Mingyu Cao , Gen Li , Jie Ji , Jiaqi Zhang , Ajay Jaiswal , Li Shen , Xiaolong Ma , Shiwei Liu , Lu Yin

The Mixtures-of-Experts (MoE) model is a widespread distributed and integrated learning method for large language models (LLM), which is favored due to its ability to sparsify and expand models efficiently. However, the performance of MoE…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Jing Li , Zhijie Sun , Xuan He , Li Zeng , Yi Lin , Entong Li , Binfan Zheng , Rongqian Zhao , Xin Chen

The feedforward (FFW) layers in standard transformer architectures incur a linear increase in computational costs and activation memory as the hidden layer width grows. Sparse mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a viable…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-08 Xu Owen He

The QMoE model provides a practical approach for compression of massive Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models. QMoE offers a solution geared towards memory limitations that often reach terabyte scales, and it has the advantage of working with…

性能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Jack Cashman , Jiaqi Nie

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) paradigm has emerged as a powerful approach for scaling transformers with improved resource utilization. However, efficiently fine-tuning MoE models remains largely underexplored. Inspired by recent works on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-14 Yilun Liu , Yunpu Ma , Shuo Chen , Zifeng Ding , Bailan He , Zhen Han , Volker Tresp

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) represents an ensemble methodology that amalgamates predictions from several specialized sub-models (referred to as experts). This fusion is accomplished through a router mechanism, dynamically assigning weights to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-27 Jinze Zhao , Peihao Wang , Zhangyang Wang

Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures have recently started burgeoning due to their ability to scale model's capacity while maintaining the computational cost affordable. Furthermore, they can be applied to both Transformers and State…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-06-05 Umberto Cappellazzo , Daniele Falavigna , Alessio Brutti

Secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) offers a practical foundation for privacy-preserving machine learning at the edge, with MPC commonly employed to support nonlinear operations. These MPC protocols fundamentally rely on Oblivious Transfer…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Zhuoran Li , Hanieh Totonchi Asl , Ebrahim Nouri , Yifei Cai , Danella Zhao

As an enabling architecture of Large Models (LMs), Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become prevalent thanks to its sparsely-gated mechanism, which lowers computational overhead while maintaining learning performance comparable to dense LMs. The…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-09-17 Weihao Zhu , Long Shi , Kang Wei , Zhen Mei , Zhe Wang , Jiaheng Wang , Jun Li

This paper presents MoE-Infinity, an efficient MoE inference system designed for personal machines with limited GPU memory capacity. The key idea for MoE-Infinity is that on personal machines, which are often single-user environments,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-14 Leyang Xue , Yao Fu , Zhan Lu , Luo Mai , Mahesh Marina

The surgence of Mixture of Experts (MoE) in Large Language Models promises a small price of execution cost for a much larger model parameter count and learning capacity, because only a small fraction of parameters are activated for each…

Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as a promising approach for scaling Transformer models. While initial works primarily incorporated MoE into feed-forward network (FFN) layers, recent studies have explored extending…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-24 Yuanhang Yang , Chaozheng Wang , Jing Li

Recent large language models such as Gemini-1.5, DeepSeek-V3, and Llama-4 increasingly adopt Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, which offer strong efficiency-performance trade-offs by activating only a fraction of the model per token.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Hao Kang , Zichun Yu , Chenyan Xiong

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale capacity by routing each token to a small subset of experts. However, their routers exhibit a fundamental trade-off: strong load balancing can suppress expert specialization, while aggressive…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Gleb Molodtsov , Alexander Miasnikov , Aleksandr Beznosikov

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) layers have emerged as an important tool in scaling up modern neural networks by decoupling total trainable parameters from activated parameters in the forward pass for each token. However, sparse MoEs add…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Tianze Jiang , Blake Bordelon , Cengiz Pehlevan , Boris Hanin

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models enable scalable performance but face severe memory constraints on edge devices. Existing offloading strategies struggle with I/O bottlenecks due to the dynamic, low-information nature of autoregressive expert…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Shuhuai Li , Jianghao Lin , Dongdong Ge , Yinyu Ye

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models mostly use a router to assign tokens to specific expert modules, activating only partial parameters and often outperforming dense models. We argue that the separation between the router's decision-making and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Ang Lv , Ruobing Xie , Yining Qian , Songhao Wu , Xingwu Sun , Zhanhui Kang , Di Wang , Rui Yan

With the increasing demands for privacy protection, privacy-preserving machine learning has been drawing much attention in both academia and industry. However, most existing methods have their limitations in practical applications. On the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-22 Fei Zheng , Chaochao Chen , Xiaolin Zheng , Mingjie Zhu