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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models scale large language models efficiently by sparsely activating experts, but once an expert is selected, it is executed fully. Hence, the trade-off between accuracy and computation in an MoE model typically…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Nurbek Tastan , Stefanos Laskaridis , Karthik Nandakumar , Samuel Horvath

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a powerful paradigm for scaling large language models (LLMs) while maintaining inference efficiency. However, their enormous memory requirements make them prohibitively expensive to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Zichong Li , Chen Liang , Zixuan Zhang , Ilgee Hong , Young Jin Kim , Weizhu Chen , Tuo Zhao

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Transformer, the backbone architecture of multiple phenomenal language models, leverages sparsity by activating only a fraction of model parameters for each input token. The sparse structure, while allowing constant…

Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) enables efficient training of large language models by routing input tokens to a select number of experts. However, training SMoE remains challenging due to the issue of representation collapse. Recent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Giang Do , Hung Le , Truyen Tran

Sparse models, including sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, have emerged as an effective approach for scaling Transformer models. However, they often suffer from computational inefficiency since a significant number of parameters are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-27 Yuanhang Yang , Shiyi Qi , Wenchao Gu , Chaozheng Wang , Cuiyun Gao , Zenglin Xu

Recent large language models (LLMs) have tended to leverage sparsity to reduce computations, employing the sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) technique. MoE introduces four modules, including token routing, token communication,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Xinglin Pan , Wenxiang Lin , Lin Zhang , Shaohuai Shi , Zhenheng Tang , Rui Wang , Bo Li , Xiaowen Chu

As Edge Intelligence (EI) becomes increasingly prevalent in domains such as smart healthcare, manufacturing, and critical infrastructure, ensuring data privacy while maintaining system efficiency is a growing challenge. This paper presents…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Quoc Lap Trieu , Bahman Javadi , Jim Basilakis

Most recent state-of-the-art (SOTA) large language models (LLMs) use Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures to scale model capacity without proportional per-token compute, enabling higher-quality outputs at manageable serving costs.…

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) technique has proven to be a promising solution to efficiently scale the model size, which has been widely applied in recent LLM advancements. However, the substantial memory overhead of MoE models has made…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Ruijie Miao , Yilun Yao , Zihan Wang , Zhiming Wang , Bairen Yi , LingJun Liu , Yikai Zhao , Tong Yang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models typically fix the number of activated experts $k$ at both training and inference. However, real-world deployments often face heterogeneous hardware, fluctuating workloads, and diverse quality-latency…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Naibin Gu , Zhenyu Zhang , Yuchen Feng , Yilong Chen , Peng Fu , Zheng Lin , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Weiping Wang , Haifeng Wang

The sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) transformer has become a common architecture for large language models (LLMs) due to its sparsity, which requires fewer computational demands while easily scaling the model size. In MoE…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-08-14 Wenxiang Lin , Xinglin Pan , Lin Zhang , Shaohuai Shi , Xuan Wang , Xiaowen Chu

Hard-parameter sharing is a common strategy to train a single model jointly across diverse tasks. However, this often leads to task interference, impeding overall model performance. To address the issue, we propose a simple yet effective…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-15 Hojun Jin , Eunsoo Hong , Ziwon Hyung , Sungjun Lim , Seungjin Lee , Keunseok Cho

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) allows scaling of language and vision models efficiently by activating only a small subset of experts per input. While this reduces computation, the large number of parameters still incurs substantial memory…

Expert parallelism has emerged as a key strategy for distributing the computational workload of sparsely-gated mixture-of-experts (MoE) models across multiple devices, enabling the processing of increasingly large-scale models. However, the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-30 Weilin Cai , Juyong Jiang , Le Qin , Junwei Cui , Sunghun Kim , Jiayi Huang

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture improves computational efficiency via sparse expert activation, but throughput-oriented inference faces substantial GPU memory pressure due to a significant parameter size and intermediate data.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Muyoung Son , Yi Chen , Seungjae Yoo , Soongyu Choi , Joo-Young Kim

Sparsely activated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models are widely adopted to scale up model capacity without increasing the computation budget. However, vanilla TopK routers are trained in a discontinuous, non-differentiable way, limiting their…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-28 Ziteng Wang , Jun Zhu , Jianfei Chen

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising architecture for modern large language models (LLMs). However, massive parameters impose heavy GPU memory (i.e., VRAM) demands, hindering the widespread adoption of MoE LLMs. Offloading…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-11 Jiaming Yan , Jianchun Liu , Hongli Xu , Liusheng Huang

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for scaling model capacity while preserving computational efficiency. Despite its notable success in large language models (LLMs), existing attempts to apply MoE to Diffusion…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Yujie Wei , Shiwei Zhang , Hangjie Yuan , Yujin Han , Zhekai Chen , Jiayu Wang , Difan Zou , Xihui Liu , Yingya Zhang , Yu Liu , Hongming Shan

Sparse mixture of experts (SMoE) is an effective solution for scaling up model capacity without increasing the computational costs. A crucial component of SMoE is the router, responsible for directing the input to relevant experts; however,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Giang Do , Kha Pham , Hung Le , Truyen Tran

Scaling Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) training introduces systems challenges absent in dense models. Because each token activates only a subset of experts, this sparsity allows total parameters to grow much faster than per-token computation,…