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The rapid growth of large-language models (LLMs) is driving a new wave of specialized hardware for inference. This paper presents the first workload-centric, cross-architectural performance study of commercial AI accelerators, spanning…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Amit Sharma

With the rise of Embodied Foundation Models (EFMs), most notably Small Language Models (SLMs), adapting Transformers for edge applications has become a very active field of research. However, achieving end-to-end deployment of SLMs on…

This paper summarizes the idea of Tiered-Latency DRAM (TL-DRAM), which was published in HPCA 2013, and examines the work's significance and future potential. The capacity and cost-per-bit of DRAM have historically scaled to satisfy the…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2018-05-09 Donghyuk Lee , Yoongu Kim , Vivek Seshadri , Jamie Liu , Lavanya Subramanian , Onur Mutlu

The increasing complexity of hardware and software requires advanced development and test methodologies for modern systems on chips. This paper presents a novel approach to ARM-on-ARM virtualization within SystemC-based simulators using…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-06-25 Nils Bosbach , Rebecca Pelke , Niko Zurstraßen , Jan Henrik Weinstock , Lukas Jünger , Rainer Leupers

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as LLaMA and DeepSeek, are built on transformer architectures, which have become a standard model for achieving state-of-the-art performance in natural language processing tasks. Recently, there has been…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Bas Ahn , Xingjian Tao , Manil Dev Gomony , Marc Geilen , Henk Corporaal

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly capable at small parameter scales. At the same time, conventional cloud-centric deployment introduces challenges around data privacy, latency, and cost that are acute in operational…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-04-29 Harri Renney , Fouad Trad , Michael Mattarock , Zena Wood

Expanding Deep Learning applications toward edge computing demands architectures capable of delivering high computational performance and efficiency while adhering to tight power and memory constraints. Digital In-Memory Computing (DIMC)…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Tommaso Spagnolo , Cristina Silvano , Riccardo Massa , Filippo Grillotti , Thomas Boesch , Giuseppe Desoli

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit pronounced memory-bound characteristics during inference due to High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) bandwidth constraints. In this paper, we propose an L2 Cache-oriented asynchronous KV Cache prefetching method…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Yanhao Dong , Yubo Miao , Weinan Li , Xiao Zheng , Chao Wang , Jiesheng Wu , Feng Lyu

Operating on the principles of quantum mechanics, quantum algorithms hold the promise for solving problems that are beyond the reach of the best-available classical algorithms. An integral part of realizing such speedup is the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-10-03 Shifan Xu , Connor T. Hann , Ben Foxman , Steven M. Girvin , Yongshan Ding

With the staggering increase of edge compute applications like Internet-of-Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), the demand for fast, energy-efficient on-chip memory is growing. While the fast and mature static random-access memory…

新兴技术 · 计算机科学 2026-03-30 Albi Mema , Simon Thomann , Narendra Singh Dhakad , Hussam Amrouch

True-time-delay (TTD) beamformers can produce wideband, squint-free beams in both analog and digital signal domains, unlike frequency-dependent FFT beams. Our previous work showed that TTD beamformers can be efficiently realized using the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-27 Hansaka Aluvihare , Sivakumar Sivasankar , Xianqi Li , Arjuna Madanayake , Sirani M. Perera

As LLMs scale to multi-million-token KV histories, real-time autoregressive decoding under tight Token-to-Token Latency (TTL) constraints faces growing pressure. Two core bottlenecks dominate: accessing Feed-Forward Network (FFN) weights…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-07-11 Nidhi Bhatia , Ankit More , Ritika Borkar , Tiyasa Mitra , Ramon Matas , Ritchie Zhao , Maximilian Golub , Dheevatsa Mudigere , Brian Pharris , Bita Darvish Rouhani

NVIDIA Tensor Core is a mixed-precision matrix-matrix multiplication and addition computing unit, where the theoretical peak performance is more than 300 TFlop/s on NVIDIA A100 GPU. NVIDIA provides WMMA API for using Tensor Cores in custom…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2023-08-30 Hiroyuki Ootomo , Rio Yokota

Deploying autonomous vision systems on edge devices faces a critical challenge: resource constraints prevent real-time and predictable execution of comprehensive safety tests. Existing validation methods depend on static datasets or manual…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Faezeh Pasandideh , Achim Rettberg

Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive multimodal comprehension capabilities and are being deployed in an increasing number of online video understanding applications. While recent efforts extensively explore advancing…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2026-01-08 Shengyuan Ye , Bei Ouyang , Tianyi Qian , Liekang Zeng , Mu Yuan , Xiaowen Chu , Weijie Hong , Xu Chen

Tiered memory architectures have gained significant traction in the database community in recent years. In these architectures, the on-chip DRAM of the host processor is typically referred to as local memory, and forms the primary tier.…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2026-03-04 Yeasir Rayhan , Walid G. Aref

This paper presents ServerlessLLM, a distributed system designed to support low-latency serverless inference for Large Language Models (LLMs). By harnessing the substantial near-GPU storage and memory capacities of inference servers,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-26 Yao Fu , Leyang Xue , Yeqi Huang , Andrei-Octavian Brabete , Dmitrii Ustiugov , Yuvraj Patel , Luo Mai

Deploying sophisticated deep learning models on embedded devices with the purpose of solving real-world problems is a struggle using today's technology. Privacy and data limitations, network connection issues, and the need for fast model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-05-06 Giorgos Demosthenous , Vassilis Vassiliades

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) encounter challenges in processing long sequences on edge devices due to the quadratic complexity of attention mechanisms and growing memory demands from Key-Value (KV) cache. Existing KV cache…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-31 Jiyu Chen , Shuang Peng , Daxiong Luo , Fan Yang , Renshou Wu , Fangyuan Li , Xiaoxin Chen

The rapid scaling of large language models (LLMs) has unveiled critical limitations in current hardware architectures, including constraints in memory capacity, computational efficiency, and interconnection bandwidth. DeepSeek-V3, trained…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-12-24 Chenggang Zhao , Chengqi Deng , Chong Ruan , Damai Dai , Huazuo Gao , Jiashi Li , Liyue Zhang , Panpan Huang , Shangyan Zhou , Shirong Ma , Wenfeng Liang , Ying He , Yuqing Wang , Yuxuan Liu , Y. X. Wei