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Cortical lesions (CLs) have emerged as valuable biomarkers in multiple sclerosis (MS), offering high diagnostic specificity and prognostic relevance. However, their routine clinical integration remains limited due to subtle magnetic…

Introducing interpretability and reasoning into Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) methods for Whole Slide Image (WSI) analysis is challenging, given the complexity of gigapixel slides. Traditionally, MIL interpretability is limited to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-05-21 Saarthak Kapse , Pushpak Pati , Srijan Das , Jingwei Zhang , Chao Chen , Maria Vakalopoulou , Joel Saltz , Dimitris Samaras , Rajarsi R. Gupta , Prateek Prasanna

In the realm of digital pathology, multi-magnification Multiple Instance Learning (multi-mag MIL) has proven effective in leveraging the hierarchical structure of Whole Slide Images (WSIs) to reduce information loss and redundant data.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-11 Yujian Liu , Ruoxuan Wu , Xinjie Shen , Zihuang Lu , Lingyu Liang , Haiyu Zhou , Shipu Xu , Shaoai Cai , Shidang Xu

Interpreting machine learning model decisions is crucial for high-risk applications like healthcare. In digital pathology, large whole slide images (WSIs) are decomposed into smaller tiles and tile-derived features are processed by…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2024-07-03 Tomé Albuquerque , Anil Yüce , Markus D. Herrmann , Alvaro Gomariz

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is increasingly being used as a support tool within clinical settings for pathological diagnosis decisions, achieving high performance and removing the annotation burden. However, existing approaches for…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-01 Sungrae Hong , Kyungeun Kim , Juhyeon Kim , Sol Lee , Jisu Shin , Chanjae Song , Mun Yong Yi

The visual examination of tissue biopsy sections is fundamental for cancer diagnosis, with pathologists analyzing sections at multiple magnifications to discern tumor cells and their subtypes. However, existing attention-based multiple…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-11 Olga Fourkioti , Matt De Vries , Chen Jin , Daniel C. Alexander , Chris Bakal

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has enabled weakly supervised analysis of whole-slide images (WSIs) in computational pathology. However, traditional MIL approaches often lose crucial contextual information, while transformer-based…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-30 Xitong Ling , Minxi Ouyang , Xiaoxiao Li , Jiawen Li , Ying Chen , Yuxuan Sun , Xinrui Chen , Tian Guan , Xiaoping Liu , Yonghong He

Graph-based Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is widely used in survival analysis with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H\&E)-stained whole slide images (WSIs) due to its ability to capture topological information. However, variations in staining and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-25 Min Cen , Zhenfeng Zhuang , Yuzhe Zhang , Min Zeng , Baptiste Magnier , Lequan Yu , Hong Zhang , Liansheng Wang

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is widely used in analyzing histopathological Whole Slide Images (WSIs). However, existing MIL methods do not explicitly model the data distribution, and instead they only learn a bag-level or instance-level…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-06-20 Linhao Qu , Xiaoyuan Luo , Shaolei Liu , Manning Wang , Zhijian Song

In-context learning (ICL) enables medical image segmentation models to adapt to new anatomical structures from limited examples, reducing the clinical annotation burden. However, standard ICL methods typically rely on dense, global…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 T. Camaret Ndir , Marco Reisert , Robin T. Schirrmeister

Image-point class incremental learning helps the 3D-points-vision robots continually learn category knowledge from 2D images, improving their perceptual capability in dynamic environments. However, some incremental learning methods address…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-04-14 Chao Qi , Jianqin Yin , Ren Zhang

Traditional image-based survival prediction models rely on discriminative patch labeling which make those methods not scalable to extend to large datasets. Recent studies have shown Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) framework is useful for…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-09-24 Jiawen Yao , Xinliang Zhu , Jitendra Jonnagaddala , Nicholas Hawkins , Junzhou Huang

Whole-slide image (WSI) classification in computational pathology is commonly formulated as slide-level Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) with a single global bag representation. However, slide-level MIL is fundamentally underconstrained:…

In clinical practice, crossmodal information including medical images and tabular data is essential for disease diagnosis. There exists a significant modality gap between these data types, which obstructs advancements in crossmodal…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Tianling Liu , Hongying Liu , Fanhua Shang , Lequan Yu , Tong Han , Liang Wan

Cytology is a valuable tool for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, manual examination of cytology whole slide images (WSIs) is slow, subjective, and depends heavily on expert pathologists. To address this, we…

图像与视频处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-11-18 Rupam Mukherjee , Rajkumar Daniel , Soujanya Hazra , Shirin Dasgupta , Subhamoy Mandal

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has been successfully applied for whole slide images (WSIs) analysis in computational pathology, enabling a wide range of prediction tasks from tumor subtyping to inferring genetic mutations and multi-omics…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-25 Junyu Li , Ye Zhang , Wen Shu , Xiaobing Feng , Yingchun Wang , Pengju Yan , Xiaolin Li , Chulin Sha , Min He

In the application of Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) methods for Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification, attention mechanisms often focus on a subset of discriminative instances, which are closely linked to overfitting. To mitigate…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-07-08 Yunlong Zhang , Honglin Li , Yuxuan Sun , Sunyi Zheng , Chenglu Zhu , Lin Yang

The whole slide image (WSI) classification is often formulated as a multiple instance learning (MIL) problem. Since the positive tissue is only a small fraction of the gigapixel WSI, existing MIL methods intuitively focus on identifying…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-12-22 Wenhao Tang , Sheng Huang , Xiaoxian Zhang , Fengtao Zhou , Yi Zhang , Bo Liu

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) methods allow for gigapixel Whole-Slide Image (WSI) analysis with only slide-level annotations. Interpretability is crucial for safely deploying such algorithms in high-stakes medical domains. Traditional…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-01-07 Susu Sun , Leslie Tessier , Frédérique Meeuwsen , Clément Grisi , Dominique van Midden , Geert Litjens , Christian F. Baumgartner

Class-incremental learning (CIL) for endoscopic image analysis is crucial for real-world clinical applications, where diagnostic models should continuously adapt to evolving clinical data while retaining performance on previously learned…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Bingrong Liu , Jun Shi , Yushan Zheng