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Double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA are naturally occurring destructive events in all organisms that may lead to genome instability. Cells employ various repair methods known as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), microhomology mediated end…

In mammalian cells, repair centers for DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) have been identified. However, previous researches predominantly rely on methods that induce specific DSBs by cutting particular DNA sequences. The clustering and its…

A mechanism of double strand breaking (DSB) in DNA due to the action of two electrons is considered. These are the electrons produced in the vicinity of DNA molecules due to ionization of water molecules with a consecutive emission of two…

Oxidative DNA single strand breaks arise continuously in cells and defects in their repair have been implicated in neurological disease. While much progress has been made in understanding how chromosomal single strand breaks are repaired…

We report in situ single-molecule measurements of proton-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA immersed in water, using real-time fluorescence tracking along the entire proton path, including the Bragg peak region. By chemically…

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) represent a serious source of damage for all living things and thus there have been many quantitative studies of DSBs both in vivo and in vitro. Despite this fact, the processes that lead to their production…

According to the experimental evidence damage induced by densely ionizing radiation in mammalian cells is distributed along the DNA molecule in the form of clusters. The most critical constituent of DNA damage are double-strand breaks…

The target theory is the most classical hypothesis explaining radiation-induced cell death, the physical or biological nature of the "target" remains ambiguous. This study hypothesizes that the distribution of DNA double-strand breaks…

Epigenetic landscapes, represented by patterns of chemical modifications on histone tails, are essential for maintaining cell identity and tissue homeostasis. These landscapes are shaped by multiple factors, including local biochemical…

Double-stranded DNA may contain mismatched base pairs beyond the Watson-Crick pairs guanine-cytosine and adenine-thymine. Such mismatches bear adverse consequences for human health. We utilize molecular dynamics and metadynamics computer…

The macroscopic curvature of double helical DNA induced by regularly repeated adenine tracts is well-known but still puzzling. Its physical origin remains controversial even though it is perhaps the best-documented sequence modulation of…

Although DNA damage is widely viewed as a critical target for the induction of cell killing by ionizing radiation, the exact nature of DNA damage responsible for these effects is unknown. To address this issue, the probability of forming…

The transition from a normal to cancerous cell requires a number of highly specific mutations that affect cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, differentiation, and many other cell functions. One hallmark of cancerous genomes is genomic…

It is shown how to take advantage of the frequent occurrence of double-strand breaks in the genome of prokaryotic cells, in order to reduce their high efficient reproductive capability. The analysis examines the physical status of the free…

In order to study the molecular damage induced in the form of single-strand and double-strand breaks by the ionizing radiation at the DNA level, Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo simulation code for complete transportation of primary protons and other…

The double-helical structure of DNA results from canonical base pairing and stacking interactions. However, variations from steady-state conformations result from mechanical perturbations in cells. These different topologies have…

Due to the physical and chemical processes that are involved, interactions of ionizing radiations with cells lead to single- and double-strand breaks (SSB and DSB) and base damage to DNA cells. The damage may kill the cells or may be…

We propose a scar model to reproduce how double-strand breaks occur in the telomeric DNA damaged by the effect of the $\beta$-decay of tritium to helium. In this scar model, the two hydrogens bonded to the 5$^\prime$ carbon connecting the…

The oxidative damage of DNA is a compelling issue in molecular biophysics as it plays a vital role in the epigenetic control of gene expression and is believed to be associated with mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and ageing. To understand the…

Double-stranded DNA `overstretches' at a pulling force of about 65 pN, increasing in length by a factor of 1.7. The nature of the overstretched state is unknown, despite its considerable importance for DNA's biological function and…