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After black holes collide, the remnant settles to a stationary state by emitting gravitational waves. Once non-linearities subside, these ringdown waves are dominated by exponentially-damped sinusoids, or quasinormal modes. We develop a…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2024-11-05 Adrian Ka-Wai Chung , Nicolas Yunes

In any extension of General Relativity (GR), extra fundamental degrees of freedom couple to gravity. Besides deforming GR forecasts in a theory-dependent way, this coupling generically introduces extra modes in the gravitational-wave…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2026-02-03 Francesco Crescimbeni , Xisco Jimenez Forteza , Swetha Bhagwat , Julian Westerweck , Paolo Pani

While black hole perturbation theory predicts a rich quasi-normal mode structure, technical challenges have limited the numerical study of excitations to the fundamental, lowest order modes caused by the coalescence of black holes. Here, we…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2017-02-22 Lionel London , James Healy , Deirdre Shoemaker

The ringdown signal following a black hole (BH) merger can be modeled as a superposition of BH quasinormal modes (QNMs), offering a clean setup for testing gravitational theories. In particular, detecting multiple QNMs enables consistency…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2026-03-17 Soichiro Morisaki , Hayato Motohashi , Motoki Suzuki , Daiki Watarai

There is a forbidden region in the parameter space of quasinormal modes of black holes in general relativity. Using both inspiral and ringdown phases of gravitational waves from binary black holes, we propose two methods to test general…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2015-09-04 Hiroyuki Nakano , Takahiro Tanaka , Takashi Nakamura

Perturbed Kerr black holes emit gravitational radiation, which (for the practical purposes of gravitational-wave astronomy) consists of a superposition of damped sinusoids termed quasi-normal modes. The frequencies and time-constants of the…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2013-05-30 Ioannis Kamaretsos , Mark Hannam , Sascha Husa , B. S. Sathyaprakash

The ring-down phase of black-hole perturbations is governed by the Quasi-Normal modes (QNM) and offer valuable insight into the nature of the objects emitting them. In General relativity, we identify a dimensionless parameter that can…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2018-09-18 Soham Bhattacharyya , S. Shankaranarayanan

The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the exciting field of black hole quasi-normal modes and its capabilities to test general relativity in the 21st century. After motivating this line of research, we provide a…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2023-05-04 Nicola Franchini , Sebastian H. Völkel

Black hole ringdowns in extensions of General Relativity (GR) generically exhibit two distinct signatures: (1) theory-dependent shifts in the standard black-hole quasinormal modes, and (2) additional modes arising from extra fundamental…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2026-02-11 Francesco Crescimbeni , Xisco Jimenez-Forteza , Paolo Pani

The relaxation of a distorted black hole to its final state provides important tests of general relativity within the reach of current and upcoming gravitational wave facilities. In black hole perturbation theory, this phase consists of a…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2018-03-07 Vishal Baibhav , Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso , Gaurav Khanna

One of the most promising strategies to test gravity in the strong-field, large curvature regime is gravitational spectroscopy: the measurement of black hole quasi-normal modes from the ringdown signal emitted in the aftermath of a compact…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2022-11-16 Lorenzo Pierini , Leonardo Gualtieri

We present a theory-agnostic framework to search for extra-fundamental modes in the ringdown phase of black hole mergers. These modes, distinct from standard General Relativity (GR) deviations, originate from modifications of the theory of…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2025-10-29 Francesco Crescimbeni

In the aftermath of a binary black hole merger event, the gravitational wave signal emitted by the remnant black hole is modeled as a superposition of damped sinusoids known as quasinormal modes. While the dominant quasinormal modes…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2024-06-18 Sophia Yi , Adrien Kuntz , Enrico Barausse , Emanuele Berti , Mark Ho-Yeuk Cheung , Konstantinos Kritos , Andrea Maselli

Gravitational spectroscopy - the measurement of the quasi-normal modes of a black hole from the ringdown signal of a binary black hole coalescence - is one of the most promising tools to test gravity in the strong-field, large-curvature…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2021-06-16 Lorenzo Pierini , Leonardo Gualtieri

In this work, we use a parametrized theory-agnostic approach that connects the observation of black hole quasi-normal modes with the underlying perturbation equations, with the goal of reconstructing the potential and the coupling functions…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2022-04-27 Sebastian H. Völkel , Nicola Franchini , Enrico Barausse

Ringdown gravitational waves of compact object binaries observed by ground-based gravitational-wave detectors encapsulate rich information to understand remnant objects after the merger and to test general relativity in the strong field. In…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2021-09-29 Norichika Sago , Soichiro Isoyama , Hiroyuki Nakano

Extracting quasinormal modes from compact binary mergers to perform black hole spectroscopy is one of the fundamental pillars in current and future strong-gravity tests. Among the most remarkable findings of recent works is that including a…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2023-09-19 Peter James Nee , Sebastian H. Völkel , Harald P. Pfeiffer

A major aim of gravitational wave astronomy is to test observationally the Kerr nature of black holes. The strongest such test, with minimal additional assumptions, is provided by observations of multiple ringdown modes, also known as black…

It is shown that the spectral amplitude of gravitational-wave (GW) ringdown of a Kerr black hole sourced by an extreme mass ratio merger can be modeled by the $\textit{greybody factor}$, which quantifies the scattering nature of the black…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2023-10-04 Naritaka Oshita

The ''ringdown'' stage of gravitational-wave signals from binary black hole mergers, mainly consisting of a superposition of quasinormal modes emitted by the merger remnant, is a key tool to test fundamental physics and to probe black hole…

广义相对论与量子宇宙学 · 物理学 2025-11-06 Francesco Crescimbeni , Gregorio Carullo , Emanuele Berti , Giada Caneva Santoro , Mark Ho-Yeuk Cheung , Paolo Pani
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