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We present a comprehensive study of quantum simulation methods and quantum simulators for classical computers. We first study an exhaustive set of 150+ simulators and quantum libraries. Then, we short-list the simulators that are actively…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-11-29 Kieran Young , Marcus Scese , Ali Ebnenasir

Understanding the boundary between classical simulatability and the power of quantum computation is a fascinating topic. Direct simulation of noisy quantum computation requires solving an open quantum many-body system, which is very costly.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-10-09 Xun Gao , Luming Duan

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is a promising quantum-classical hybrid technique to solve combinatorial optimization problems in near-term gate-based noisy quantum devices. In QAOA, the objective is a function of the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-07-24 Mahabubul Alam , Abdullah Ash-Saki , Swaroop Ghosh

Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

Quantum simulation is a potentially powerful application of quantum computing, holding the promise to be able to emulate interesting quantum systems beyond the reach of classical computing methods. Despite such promising applications, and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-10-07 Kaelyn J. Ferris , A. J. Rasmusson , Nicholas T. Bronn , Olivia Lanes

With the current rate of progress in quantum computing technologies, systems with more than 50 qubits will soon become reality. Computing ideal quantum state amplitudes for circuits of such and larger sizes is a fundamental step to assess…

Quantum computing promises to revolutionize several scientific and technological domains through fundamentally new ways of processing information. Among its most compelling applications is digital quantum simulation, where quantum computers…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-05 Laurin E. Fischer

We present an approach to simulating quantum computation based on a classical model that directly imitates discrete quantum systems. Qubits are represented as harmonic functions in a 2D vector space. Multiplication of qubit representations…

量子物理 · 物理学 2009-06-30 Steven Peil

In this work, we present a new large-scale quantum circuit simulator. It is based on the tensor network contraction technique to represent quantum circuits. We propose a novel parallelization algorithm based on \stepslice . In this paper,…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-04-22 Danylo Lykov , Roman Schutski , Alexey Galda , Valerii Vinokur , Yuri Alexeev

We explore how the fundamental problems in quantum molecular dynamics can be modelled using classical simulators (emulators) of quantum computers and the actual quantum hardware available to us today. The list of problems we tackle includes…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-07-29 Tamila Kuanysheva , Brian Kendrick , Lukasz Cincio , Dmitri Babikov

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), which is a variational quantum algorithm, aims to give sub-optimal solutions of combinatorial optimization problems. It is widely believed that QAOA has the potential to demonstrate…

If classical algorithms have been successful in reproducing the estimation of expectation values of observables of some quantum circuits using off-the-shelf computing resources, matching the performance of the most advanced quantum devices…

Using the tensor product representation in the density matrix renormalization group, we show that a quantum circuit of Grover's algorithm, which has one-qubit unitary gates, generalized Toffoli gates, and projective measurements, can be…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 A. Kawaguchi , K. Shimizu , Y. Tokura , N. Imoto

Computational physics is an important tool for analysing, verifying, and -- at times -- replacing physical experiments. Nevertheless, simulating quantum systems and analysing quantum data has so far resisted an efficient classical treatment…

量子物理 · 物理学 2021-07-07 Sam McArdle

Simulating quantum systems using classical computing equipment has been a significant research focus. This work demonstrates that circuits as large and complex as the random circuit sampling (RCS) circuits published as a part of Google's…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-11-20 Venkateswaran Kasirajan , Torey Battelle , Bob Wold

We identify a broad class of physical processes in an optical quantum circuit that can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer: this class includes unitary transformations, amplification, noise, and measurements. This…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Stephen D. Bartlett , Barry C. Sanders

Circuit cutting was originally designed to retrieve the expectation value of an observable with respect to a large quantum circuit by executing smaller circuit fragments. In this work, however, we demonstrate the application of circuit…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-07-10 Friedrich Wagner , Christian Ufrecht , Martin Braun , Daniel D. Scherer

The computational power of real-world quantum computers is limited by errors. When using quantum computers to perform algorithms which cannot be efficiently simulated classically, it is important to quantify the accuracy with which the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-01-18 Avi Vadali , Rutuja Kshirsagar , Prasanth Shyamsundar , Gabriel N. Perdue

The standard paradigm for state preparation on quantum computers for the simulation of physical systems in the near term has been widely explored with different algorithmic methods. One such approach is the optimization of parameterized…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-01-18 J. Wayne Mullinax , Norm M. Tubman

We construct a classical algorithm that designs quantum circuits for algorithmic quantum simulation of arbitrary qudit channels on fault-tolerant quantum computers within a pre-specified error tolerance with respect to diamond-norm…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-09-23 Dong-Sheng Wang , Barry C. Sanders