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Programmable blockchains have long been a hot research topic given their tremendous use in decentralized applications. Smart contracts, using blockchains as their underlying technology, inherit the desired properties such as verifiability,…

Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is the run-time environment for smart contracts and its vulnerabilities may lead to serious problems to the Ethereum ecology. With lots of techniques being developed for the validation of smart contracts, the…

Blockchains offer a useful abstraction: a trustworthy, decentralized log of totally ordered transactions. Traditional blockchains have problems with scalability and efficiency, preventing their use for many applications. These limitations…

Supply chain integration remains an elusive goal for the construction and engineering industry. The high degree of fragmentation and the reliance on third-party financial institutions has pushed the physical and financial supply chains…

Energy storage units (ESUs) enable several attractive features of modern smart grids such as enhanced grid resilience, effective demand response, and reduced bills. However, uncoordinated charging of ESUs stresses the power system and can…

Motivated by the immutable nature of Ethereum smart contracts and of their transactions, quite many approaches have been proposed to detect defects and security problems before smart contracts become persistent in the blockchain and they…

To empower smart contracts with the promising capabilities of cryptography, Ethereum officially introduced a set of cryptographic APIs that facilitate basic cryptographic operations within smart contracts, such as elliptic curve operations.…

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) have undergone numerous technical improvements in recent years, including the incorporation of mobile devices with the cloud computing technologies to facilitate medical data exchanges between patients and…

The inherent determinism of blockchain technology poses a significant challenge to generating secure random numbers within smart contracts, leading to exploitable vulnerabilities, particularly in decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystems and…

New technologies, such as blockchain, are designed to address various system weaknesses, particularly those related to security. Blockchain can enhance numerous aspects of traditional banking systems by transforming them into digital,…

Recently, blockchain technology has become a topic in the spotlight but also a hotbed of various cybercrimes. Among them, phishing scams on blockchain have been found making a notable amount of money, thus emerging as a serious threat to…

Setchain has been proposed to increase blockchain scalability by relaxing the strict total order requirement among transactions. Setchain organizes elements into a sequence of sets, referred to as epochs, so that elements within each epoch…

Blockchain has widespread applications in the financial field but has also attracted increasing cybercrimes. Recently, phishing fraud has emerged as a major threat to blockchain security, calling for the development of effective regulatory…

While transactions with cryptocurrencies such as Ethereum are becoming more prevalent, fraud and other criminal transactions are not uncommon. Graph analysis algorithms and machine learning techniques detect suspicious transactions that…

Cryptocurrency refers to a type of digital asset that uses distributed ledger, or blockchain, technology to enable a secure transaction. Although the technology is widely misunderstood, many central banks are considering launching their own…

The beacon chain is the backbone of the Ethereum's evolution towards a proof-of-stake-based scalable network. Beacon clients are the applications implementing the services required to operate the beacon chain, namely validators, beacon…

A trusted electronic election system requires that all the involved information must go public, that is, it focuses not only on transparency but also privacy issues. In other words, each ballot should be counted anonymously, correctly, and…

Traditionally, mobile wallets rely on a trusted server that provides them with a current view of the blockchain, and thus, these wallets do not need to validate the header chain or transaction inclusion themselves. If a mobile wallet were…

The growing sophistication of cyber attacks, vulnerabilities in high computing systems and increasing dependency on cryptography to protect our digital data make it more important to keep secret keys safe and secure. Few major issues on…

As an emerging service framework built by combining cryptography, P2P network, consensus mechanism and innovative contract technology, blockchain has been widely used in digital finance, data sharing, message traceability and electronic…