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An efficient implementation of the Toffoli gate is of conceptual importance for running various quantum algorithms, including Grover's search and Shor's integer factorization. However, direct implementation of the Toffoli gate either…

Quantum algorithms can break factoring and discrete logarithm based cryptography and weaken symmetric cryptography and hash functions. In order to estimate the real-world impact of these attacks, apart from tracking the development of…

量子物理 · 物理学 2019-02-11 Vlad Gheorghiu , Michele Mosca

Extensive quantum error correction is necessary in order to scale quantum hardware to the regime of practical applications. As a result, a significant amount of decoding hardware is necessary to process the colossal amount of data required…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-01-31 Nicolas Delfosse

The elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem is considered a secure cryptographic primitive. The purpose of this paper is to propose a paradigm shift in attacking the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. In this paper, we will argue…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-06-22 Ansari Abdullah , Ayan Mahalanobis , Vivek M. Mallick

In this paper, we propose an efficient quantum carry-lookahead adder based on the higher radix structure. For the addition of two $n$-bit numbers, our adder uses $O(n)-O(\frac{n}{r})$ qubits and $O(n)+O(\frac{n}{r})$ T gates to get the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-04-10 Siyi Wang , Anubhab Baksi , Anupam Chattopadhyay

We contribute a 2D nearest-neighbor quantum architecture for Shor's algorithm to factor an $n$-bit number in $O(\log^2(n))$ depth. Our implementation uses parallel phase estimation, constant-depth fanout and teleportation, and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2013-04-23 Paul Pham , Krysta M. Svore

In recent years, advancements in quantum chip technology, such as Willow, have contributed to reducing quantum computation error rates, potentially accelerating the practical adoption of quantum computing. As a result, the design of quantum…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 Abel C. H. Chen

In 2004, Cuccaro et al found a quantum-quantum adder with $O(n)$ gate cost and $O(1)$ ancilla qubits. Since then, it's been an open question whether classical-quantum adders can achieve the same asymptotic complexity. These costs are…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-08-01 Craig Gidney

Shor's algorithm has seriously challenged information security based on public key cryptosystems. However, to break the widely used RSA-2048 scheme, one needs millions of physical qubits, which is far beyond current technical capabilities.…

Quantum computing devices are believed to be powerful in solving the prime factorization problem, which is at the heart of widely deployed public-key cryptographic tools. However, the implementation of Shor's quantum factorization algorithm…

Shor's and Grover's algorithms' efficiency and the advancement of quantum computers imply that the cryptography used until now to protect one's privacy is potentially vulnerable to retrospective decryption, also known as \emph{harvest now,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-14 Denis Berger , Mouad Lemoudden , William J Buchanan

We determine the cost of performing Shor's algorithm for integer factorization on a ternary quantum computer, using two natural models of universal fault-tolerant computing: (i) a model based on magic state distillation that assumes the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-07-12 Alex Bocharov , Martin Roetteler , Krysta M. Svore

We report a proof-of-concept demonstration of a quantum order-finding algorithm for factoring the integer 21. Our demonstration involves the use of a compiled version of the quantum phase estimation routine, and builds upon a previous…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-09-20 Unathi Skosana , Mark Tame

The state of the art of quantum circuits using the ripple-carry strategy for the addition and comparison of two n-bit numbers is presented, as well as optimizations in the Clifford+T gate set, both in terms of CNOT-depth and T-depth, or…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-05-29 Maxime Remaud

The progress in building quantum computers to execute quantum algorithms has recently been remarkable. Grover's search algorithm in a binary quantum system provides considerable speed-up over classical paradigm. Further, Grover's algorithm…

量子物理 · 物理学 2022-08-24 Amit Saha , Ritajit Majumdar , Debasri Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti , Susmita Sur-Kolay

Rapid progress in the design of scalable, robust quantum computing necessitates efficient quantum circuit implementation for algorithms with practical relevance. For several algorithms, arithmetic kernels, in particular, division plays an…

量子物理 · 物理学 2024-03-05 Siyi Wang , Eugene Lim , Anupam Chattopadhyay

Shor's quantum algorithm is very important for cryptography, since it can factor large numbers much faster than classical algorithms. In this study, we implement a simulator for Shor's quantum algorithm on graphic processor units (GPU) and…

量子物理 · 物理学 2018-07-05 I. Savran , M. Demirci , A. H. Yilmaz

We try to minimize the number of qubits needed to factor an integer of n bits using Shor's algorithm on a quantum computer. We introduce a circuit which uses 2n+3 qubits and O(n^3 lg(n)) elementary quantum gates in a depth of O(n^3) to…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-09-08 Stephane Beauregard

Implementing the group arithmetic is a cost-critical task when designing quantum circuits for Shor's algorithm to solve the discrete logarithm problem. We introduce a tool for the automatic generation of addition circuits for ordinary…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-01-13 Parshuram Budhathoki , Rainer Steinwandt

Physical constraints and engineering challenges, including wafer dimensions, classical control cabling, and refrigeration volumes, impose significant limitations on the scalability of quantum computing units. As a result, a modular quantum…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-02-27 Hugo Jacinto , Élie Gouzien , Nicolas Sangouard