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Personalized preference alignment for large language models (LLMs), the process of tailoring LLMs to individual users' preferences, is an emerging research direction spanning the area of NLP and personalization. In this survey, we present…

Bootstrapping large language models (LLMs) through preference-based policy optimization offers a promising direction for aligning model behavior with human preferences without relying on extensive manual annotations. In this work, we…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-12-25 Chen Jia

Large Language Models (LLMs), when used in educational settings without pedagogical fine-tuning, often provide immediate answers rather than guiding students through the problem-solving process. This approach falls short of pedagogically…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-08 Shashank Sonkar , Kangqi Ni , Sapana Chaudhary , Richard G. Baraniuk

Foundation models are increasingly used to personalize learning, yet many systems still assume fixed curricula or coarse progress signals, limiting alignment with learners' day-to-day needs. At the other extreme, lightweight incidental…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-11-27 Justin Cui , Kevin Pu , Tovi Grossman

To improve the performance of large language models (LLMs), researchers have explored providing LLMs with textual task-solving experience via prompts. However, they rely on manual efforts to acquire and apply such experience for each task,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-15 Jinglong Gao , Xiao Ding , Yiming Cui , Jianbai Zhao , Hepeng Wang , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

Personalization plays a critical role in numerous language tasks and applications, since users with the same requirements may prefer diverse outputs based on their individual interests. This has led to the development of various…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-19 Jiongnan Liu , Yutao Zhu , Shuting Wang , Xiaochi Wei , Erxue Min , Yu Lu , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Zhicheng Dou

The growing disparity between the exponential scaling of computational resources and the finite growth of high-quality text data now constrains conventional scaling approaches for large language models (LLMs). To address this challenge, we…

Large language models~(LLMs) are trained on heterogeneous multilingual corpora, yet existing policy optimization methods often implicitly restrict each training question to a single response language or rely on a fixed dominant language for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Geyang Guo , Hiromi Wakaki , Yuki Mitsufuji , Alan Ritter , Wei Xu

Recently, online Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a key paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing methods typically treat all training samples…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Shijie Zhang , Guohao Sun , Kevin Zhang , Xiang Guo , Rujun Guo

Proactive dialogues serve as a practical yet challenging dialogue problem in the era of large language models (LLMs), where the dialogue policy planning is the key to improving the proactivity of LLMs. Most existing studies enable the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-12 Yang Deng , Wenxuan Zhang , Wai Lam , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

The emergence of generative AI, particularly large language models (LLMs), has opened the door for student-centered and active learning methods like project-based learning (PBL). However, PBL poses practical implementation challenges for…

Deceptive path planning (DPP) is the problem of designing a path that hides its true goal from an outside observer. Existing methods for DPP rely on unrealistic assumptions, such as global state observability and perfect model knowledge,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-12 Michael Y. Fatemi , Wesley A. Suttle , Brian M. Sadler

The rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies, particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), has revolutionized the landscape of lifelong learning. This paper introduces a conceptual framework for a self-constructed lifelong…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2024-09-25 Kirill Krinkin , Tatiana Berlenko

Planning for both immediate and long-term benefits becomes increasingly important in recommendation. Existing methods apply Reinforcement Learning (RL) to learn planning capacity by maximizing cumulative reward for long-term recommendation.…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-04-29 Wentao Shi , Xiangnan He , Yang Zhang , Chongming Gao , Xinyue Li , Jizhi Zhang , Qifan Wang , Fuli Feng

Personalized generation paradigms empower designers to customize visual intellectual properties with the help of textual descriptions by tuning or adapting pre-trained text-to-image models on a few images. Recent works explore approaches…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-04-02 Yu Xu , Fan Tang , Juan Cao , Yuxin Zhang , Oliver Deussen , Weiming Dong , Jintao Li , Tong-Yee Lee

Reinforcement learning (RL) -- algorithms that teach artificial agents to interact with environments by maximising reward signals -- has achieved significant success in recent years. These successes have been facilitated by advances in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-03 Llewyn Salt , Marcus Gallagher

The language generation and reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have enabled conversational systems with impressive performance in a variety of tasks, from code generation, to composing essays, to passing STEM and legal…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-28 Konstantina Christakopoulou , Iris Qu , John Canny , Andrew Goodridge , Cj Adams , Minmin Chen , Maja Matarić

Large language models often require fine-tuning to better align their behavior with user intent at deployment. Existing approaches are commonly divided into online and offline paradigms. Online methods, such as RL-based alignment, can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Shijun Li , Kaiwen Dong , Xiang Gao , Joydeep Ghosh

Large language models (LLMs) have formulated a blueprint for the advancement of artificial general intelligence. Its primary objective is to function as a human-centric (helpful, honest, and harmless) assistant. Alignment with humans…

Pre-trained Vision-Language (VL) models such as CLIP have demonstrated their excellent performance across numerous downstream tasks. A recent method, Context Optimization (CoOp), further improves the performance of VL models on downstream…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-23 Biao Liu , Wenyi Fang , Xiaoyu Wu , Yang Zheng , Zheng Hu , Bo Yuan