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Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection is critical for safely deploying deep models in open-world environments, where inputs may lie outside the training distribution. During inference on a model trained exclusively with In-Distribution (ID)…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Jiawei Gu , Ziyue Qiao , Zechao Li

Standard machine learning is unable to accommodate inputs which do not belong to the training distribution. The resulting models often give rise to confident incorrect predictions which may lead to devastating consequences. This problem is…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-01 Matej Grcić , Petra Bevandić , Zoran Kalafatić , Siniša Šegvić

Neural networks have achieved impressive performance for data in the distribution which is the same as the training set but can produce an overconfident incorrect result for the data these networks have never seen. Therefore, it is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-08-22 Jinhong Lin

Unsupervised continual learning aims to learn new tasks incrementally without requiring human annotations. However, most existing methods, especially those targeted on image classification, only work in a simplified scenario by assuming all…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-04-13 Jiangpeng He , Fengqing Zhu

Despite the significant research efforts on trajectory prediction for automated driving, limited work exists on assessing the prediction reliability. To address this limitation we propose an approach that covers two sources of error, namely…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2023-08-07 Julian Wiederer , Julian Schmidt , Ulrich Kressel , Klaus Dietmayer , Vasileios Belagiannis

Deep Neural Networks are actively being used in the design of autonomous Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs). The advantage of these models is their ability to handle high-dimensional state-space and learn compact surrogate representations of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-27 Shreyas Ramakrishna , Zahra Rahiminasab , Gabor Karsai , Arvind Easwaran , Abhishek Dubey

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is essential for reliable deployment of deep learning systems, yet the majority of existing methods are evaluated on small, visually homogeneous benchmarks. In this work, we study six OOD detection…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Devesh Shah

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples are crucial for machine learning models deployed in open-world environments. Classifier-based scores are a standard approach for OOD detection due to their fine-grained detection capability.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-27 Jaewoo Park , Yoon Gyo Jung , Andrew Beng Jin Teoh

Applying machine learning to increasingly high-dimensional problems with sparse or biased training data increases the risk that a model is used on inputs outside its training domain. For such out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs, the model can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-10 Juniper Tyree , Andreas Rupp , Petri S. Clusius , Michael H. Boy

In addition to accurate scene understanding through precise semantic segmentation of LiDAR point clouds, detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) objects, instances not encountered during training, is essential to prevent the incorrect…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 Hanieh Shojaei Miandashti , Claus Brenner

Machine learning algorithms typically assume independent and identically distributed samples in training and at test time. Much work has shown that high-performing ML classifiers can degrade significantly and provide overly-confident, wrong…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-03-09 Jie Ren , Jiaming Luo , Yao Zhao , Kundan Krishna , Mohammad Saleh , Balaji Lakshminarayanan , Peter J. Liu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is the task of identifying inputs that deviate from the training data distribution. This capability is essential for safely deploying deep computer vision models in open-world environments. In this work,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-03-25 Wenxi Chen , Raymond A. Yeh , Shaoshuai Mou , Yan Gu

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection aims to identify inputs that differ from the training distribution in order to reduce unreliable predictions by deep neural networks. Among post-hoc feature-space approaches, OOD detection is commonly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-25 Mohamed Bahi Yahiaoui , Geoffrey Daniel , Loïc Giraldi , Jérémie Bruyelle , Julyan Arbel

Commonly used AI networks are very self-confident in their predictions, even when the evidence for a certain decision is dubious. The investigation of a deep learning model output is pivotal for understanding its decision processes and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2022-11-08 Damian Matuszewski , Ida-Maria Sintorn

Machine learning models deployed in the open world may encounter observations that they were not trained to recognize, and they risk misclassifying such observations with high confidence. Therefore, it is essential that these models are…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-04-03 Noah Fleischmann , Walter Bennette , Nathan Inkawhich

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is a central challenge for safely deploying machine learning models in the real world. Existing solutions are mainly driven by small datasets, with low resolution and very few class labels (e.g.,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-05-06 Rui Huang , Yixuan Li

Near out-of-distribution detection (OOD) is a major challenge for deep neural networks. We demonstrate that large-scale pre-trained transformers can significantly improve the state-of-the-art (SOTA) on a range of near OOD tasks across…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-07-30 Stanislav Fort , Jie Ren , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

We present a theory for the construction of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection features for neural networks. We introduce random features for OOD through a novel information-theoretic loss functional consisting of two terms, the first…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Sudeepta Mondal , Zhuolin Jiang , Ganesh Sundaramoorthi

We consider the problem of detecting out-of-distribution images in neural networks. We propose ODIN, a simple and effective method that does not require any change to a pre-trained neural network. Our method is based on the observation that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-09-01 Shiyu Liang , Yixuan Li , R. Srikant

Density-based Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has recently been shown unreliable for the task of detecting OOD images. Various density ratio based approaches achieve good empirical performance, however methods typically lack a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2022-06-09 Mingtian Zhang , Andi Zhang , Tim Z. Xiao , Yitong Sun , Steven McDonagh