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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures scale Large Language Models via expert specialization induced by conditional computation. In practice, however, expert specialization often fails: some experts become functionally similar, while others…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown strong potential in scaling language models efficiently by activating only a small subset of experts per input. However, their widespread deployment remains limited due to the high memory overhead…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Yushu Zhao , Zheng Wang , Minjia Zhang

In the era of large language models, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a promising architecture for managing computational costs when scaling up model parameters. However, conventional MoE architectures like GShard, which activate the top-$K$ out…

Sparse Mixture-of-Experts models (MoEs) have recently gained popularity due to their ability to decouple model size from inference efficiency by only activating a small subset of the model parameters for any given input token. As such,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-11 Erik Daxberger , Floris Weers , Bowen Zhang , Tom Gunter , Ruoming Pang , Marcin Eichner , Michael Emmersberger , Yinfei Yang , Alexander Toshev , Xianzhi Du

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have emerged as a primary solution for reducing the computational cost of Large Language Models. In this work, we analyze their scaling properties, incorporating an expanded range of variables. Specifically,…

Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) enables efficient training of large language models by routing input tokens to a select number of experts. However, training SMoE remains challenging due to the issue of representation collapse. Recent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-01 Giang Do , Hung Le , Truyen Tran

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures achieve parameter efficiency through conditional computation, yet contemporary designs suffer from two fundamental limitations: structural parameter isolation that causes catastrophic forgetting, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Yuxing Gan , Ziyu Lei

In this paper, we introduce a novel dynamic expert selection framework for Mixture of Experts (MoE) models, aiming to enhance computational efficiency and model performance by adjusting the number of activated experts based on input…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-03-13 Quzhe Huang , Zhenwei An , Nan Zhuang , Mingxu Tao , Chen Zhang , Yang Jin , Kun Xu , Kun Xu , Liwei Chen , Songfang Huang , Yansong Feng

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture is a cornerstone of modern state-of-the-art (SOTA) large language models (LLMs). MoE models facilitate scalability by enabling sparse parameter activation. However, traditional MoE architecture uses…

Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) has become the key to unlocking unparalleled scalability in deep learning. SMoE has the potential to exponentially increase parameter count while maintaining the efficiency of the model by only activating a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-21 Rachel S. Y. Teo , Tan M. Nguyen

Recently, Mixture-of-Experts (short as MoE) architecture has achieved remarkable success in increasing the model capacity of large-scale language models. However, MoE requires incorporating significantly more parameters than the base model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-14 Ze-Feng Gao , Peiyu Liu , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zhong-Yi Lu , Ji-Rong Wen

It is widely acknowledged that the performance of Transformer models is logarithmically related to their number of parameters and computational complexity. While approaches like Mixture of Experts (MoE) decouple parameter count from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-07 Zihao Huang , Qiyang Min , Hongzhi Huang , Defa Zhu , Yutao Zeng , Ran Guo , Xun Zhou

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language models dramatically expand model capacity and achieve remarkable performance without increasing per-token compute. However, can MoEs surpass dense architectures under strictly equal resource constraints --…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Houyi Li , Ka Man Lo , Shijie Xuyang , Ziqi Wang , Wenzhen Zheng , Haocheng Zhang , Zhao Li , Shuigeng Zhou , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang

The sparsely activated mixture of experts (MoE) model presents a promising alternative to traditional densely activated (dense) models, enhancing both quality and computational efficiency. However, training MoE models from scratch demands…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-06-10 Xingkui Zhu , Yiran Guan , Dingkang Liang , Yuchao Chen , Yuliang Liu , Xiang Bai

Mixture of experts (MoE) models are a class of artificial neural networks that can be used for functional approximation and probabilistic modeling. An important class of MoE models is the class of mixture of linear experts (MoLE) models,…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2019-05-29 Hien D. Nguyen , Faicel Chamroukhi , Florence Forbes

Sparsely activated models (SAMs), such as Mixture-of-Experts (MoE), can easily scale to have outrageously large amounts of parameters without significant increase in computational cost. However, SAMs are reported to be parameter inefficient…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-02-07 Simiao Zuo , Xiaodong Liu , Jian Jiao , Young Jin Kim , Hany Hassan , Ruofei Zhang , Tuo Zhao , Jianfeng Gao

Recent progress in deep learning has been driven by increasingly large-scale models, but the resulting computational cost has become a critical bottleneck. Sparse Mixture of Experts (MoE) offers an effective solution by activating only a…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Masahiro Kada , Ryota Yoshihashi , Satoshi Ikehata , Rei Kawakami , Ikuro Sato

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models with conditional execution of sparsely activated layers have enabled training models with a much larger number of parameters. As a result, these models have achieved significantly better quality on various…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-11-21 Young Jin Kim , Rawn Henry , Raffy Fahim , Hany Hassan Awadalla

Recent large language models (LLMs) have tended to leverage sparsity to reduce computations, employing the sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) technique. MoE introduces four modules, including token routing, token communication,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Xinglin Pan , Wenxiang Lin , Lin Zhang , Shaohuai Shi , Zhenheng Tang , Rui Wang , Bo Li , Xiaowen Chu

The demonstrated success of sparsely-gated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures, exemplified by models such as DeepSeek and Grok, has motivated researchers to investigate their adaptation to diverse domains. In real-world image…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-03 Xiao He , Zhijun Tu , Kun Cheng , Mingrui Zhu , Jie Hu , Nannan Wang , Xinbo Gao