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There are currently two main paradigms for evaluating large language models (LLMs), reference-based evaluation and preference-based evaluation. The first, carried over from the evaluation of machine learning models in general, relies on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 David Schlangen , Sherzod Hakimov , Chalamalasetti Kranti , Jonathan Jordan , Philipp Sadler

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to domains that require reasoning about other agents' behavior, such as negotiation, policy design, and market simulation, yet existing research has mostly evaluated their adherence to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Enric Junque de Fortuny , Veronica Roberta Cappelli

As evaluation designs of large language models may shape our trajectory toward artificial general intelligence, comprehensive and forward-looking assessment is essential. Existing benchmarks primarily assess static knowledge, while…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Jiayin Wang , Zhiquang Guo , Weizhi Ma , Min Zhang

We introduce GVGAI-LLM, a video game benchmark for evaluating the reasoning and problem-solving capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Built on the General Video Game AI framework, it features a diverse collection of arcade-style…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Yuchen Li , Cong Lin , Muhammad Umair Nasir , Philip Bontrager , Jialin Liu , Julian Togelius

Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have become critical in scientific applications to help accelerate scientific discovery. Large language models (LLMs) are being considered as a promising approach to address some of the challenging…

Strategic reasoning enables agents to cooperate, communicate, and compete with other agents in diverse situations. Existing approaches to solving strategic games rely on extensive training, yielding strategies that do not generalize to new…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-05-31 Kanishk Gandhi , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah D. Goodman

Scaling up data, parameters, and test-time computation has been the mainstream methods to improve LLM systems (LLMsys), but their upper bounds are almost reached due to the gradual depletion of high-quality data and marginal gains obtained…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Qingyao Ai , Yichen Tang , Changyue Wang , Jianming Long , Weihang Su , Yiqun Liu

Classical and natural language planning tasks remain a difficult domain for modern large language models (LLMs). In this work, we lay the foundations for improving planning capabilities of LLMs. First, we construct a comprehensive benchmark…

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have revolutionized natural language processing, showing remarkable linguistic proficiency and reasoning capabilities. However, their application in strategic multi-agent decision-making environments…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-29 Chuanhao Li , Runhan Yang , Tiankai Li , Milad Bafarassat , Kourosh Sharifi , Dirk Bergemann , Zhuoran Yang

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to a greater challenge of having a rigorous and systematic evaluation of complex tasks performed, especially in enterprise applications. Therefore, LLMs need to be able to benchmark…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-18 Bing Zhang , Mikio Takeuchi , Ryo Kawahara , Shubhi Asthana , Md. Maruf Hossain , Guang-Jie Ren , Kate Soule , Yada Zhu

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) and their capacity to simulate human cognition and behavior has given rise to LLM-based frameworks and tools that are evaluated and applied based on their ability to perform tasks…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-03 Jing Yi Wang , Nicholas Sukiennik , Tong Li , Weikang Su , Qianyue Hao , Jingbo Xu , Zihan Huang , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract context from natural language problem descriptions naturally raises questions about their suitability in autonomous decision-making settings. This paper studies the behaviour of these…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Xiao Yang , Juxi Leitner , Michael Burke

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into supply chain management (SCM) is revolutionizing the industry by improving decision-making, predictive analytics, and operational efficiency. This white paper explores the transformative…

计算机与社会 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Raha Aghaei , Ali A. Kiaei , Mahnaz Boush , Javad Vahidi , Zeynab Barzegar , Mahan Rofoosheh

Large language models (LLMs) have been extensively used as the backbones for general-purpose agents, and some economics literature suggest that LLMs are capable of playing various types of economics games. Following these works, to overcome…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2024-01-04 Shangmin Guo , Haoran Bu , Haochuan Wang , Yi Ren , Dianbo Sui , Yuming Shang , Siting Lu

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to a surge of financial benchmarks, evolving from static knowledge evaluation toward interactive trading simulations. However, existing frameworks for evaluating real-time…

交易与市场微观结构 · 定量金融 2026-05-28 Wentao Zhang , Mingxuan Zhao , Jincheng Gao , Jieshun You , Huaiyu Jia , Yilei Zhao , Bo An , Shuo Sun

Mathematical reasoning is essential for problem-solving in education, science, and industry, serving as a crucial benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence systems. As Large Language Models (LLMs) improve their reasoning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-20 Husnain Amjad , Raja Khurram Shahzad , Aamir Shahzad , Mehwish Fatima

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their capabilities across various tasks, from language translation to complex reasoning. Understanding and predicting human behavior and biases are crucial for artificial intelligence (AI)…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Thuy Ngoc Nguyen , Kasturi Jamale , Cleotilde Gonzalez

Evaluation of large language model (LLM) outputs requires users to make critical judgments about the best outputs across various configurations. This process is costly and takes time given the large amounts of data. LLMs are increasingly…

Large language models (LLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in software engineering (SE) due to their unprecedented performance across various applications. These models are increasingly being utilized for a range of SE tasks, including…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Xing Hu , Feifei Niu , Junkai Chen , Xin Zhou , Junwei Zhang , Junda He , Xin Xia , David Lo

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve from static dialogue interfaces to autonomous general agents, effective memory is paramount to ensuring long-term consistency. However, existing benchmarks primarily focus on casual conversation or…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Haonan Bian , Zhiyuan Yao , Sen Hu , Zishan Xu , Shaolei Zhang , Yifu Guo , Ziliang Yang , Xueran Han , Huacan Wang , Ronghao Chen