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Phishing continues to be one of the most prevalent attack vectors, making accurate classification of phishing URLs essential. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising results in phishing URL detection. However,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-29 Holly Trikilis , Pasindu Marasinghe , Fariza Rashid , Suranga Seneviratne

Spear phishing is a widespread concern in the modern network security landscape, but there are few metrics that measure the extent to which reconnaissance is performed on phishing targets. Spear phishing emails closely match the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Michael C. Kotson , Alexia Schulz

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has heightened the threat of phishing emails by enabling the generation of highly targeted, personalized, and automated attacks. Traditionally, many phishing emails have been characterized by…

Malicious websites and phishing URLs pose an ever-increasing cybersecurity risk, with phishing attacks growing by 40% in a single year. Traditional detection approaches rely on machine learning classifiers or rule-based scanners operating…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Avihay Cohen

Every day, our inboxes are flooded with unsolicited emails, ranging between annoying spam to more subtle phishing scams. Unfortunately, despite abundant prior efforts proposing solutions achieving near-perfect accuracy, the reality is that…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-16 Luca Pajola , Eugenio Caripoti , Stefan Banzer , Simeone Pizzi , Mauro Conti , Giovanni Apruzzese

In this digital era, our lives highly depend on the internet and worldwide technology. Wide usage of technology and platforms of communication makes our lives better and easier. But on the other side it carries out some security issues and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-04-18 Muhammad Shoaib Farooq , Hina jabbar

In this paper, we present a general scheme for building reproducible and extensible datasets for website phishing detection. The aim is to (1) enable comparison of systems using different features, (2) overtake the short-lived nature of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-04-24 Abdelhakim Hannousse , Salima Yahiouche

Malicious URL detection remains a major challenge in cybersecurity, primarily due to two factors: (1) the exponential growth of the Internet has led to an immense diversity of URLs, making generalized detection increasingly difficult; and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-15 Ye Tian , Yifan Jia , Yanbin Wang , Jianguo Sun , Zhiquan Liu , Xiaowen Ling

The persistent growth in phishing and the rising volume of phishing websites has led to individuals and organizations worldwide becoming increasingly exposed to various cyber-attacks. Consequently, more effective phishing detection is…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-04-09 Suleiman Y. Yerima , Mohammed K. Alzaylaee

Phishing is one of the most effective ways in which cybercriminals get sensitive details such as credentials for online banking, digital wallets, state secrets, and many more from potential victims. They do this by spamming users with…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-27 Tosin Ige , Christopher Kiekintveld , Aritran Piplai , Amy Waggler , Olukunle Kolade , Bolanle Hafiz Matti

Phishing remains a pervasive cyber threat, as attackers craft deceptive emails to lure victims into revealing sensitive information. While Artificial Intelligence (AI), in particular, deep learning, has become a key component in defending…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-07 Fengchao Chen , Tingmin Wu , Van Nguyen , Shuo Wang , Alsharif Abuadbba , Carsten Rudolph

The increasing reliance on smartphones for communication, financial transactions, and personal data management has made them prime targets for cyberattacks, particularly smishing, a sophisticated variant of phishing conducted via SMS.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-12-16 Diksha Goel , Hussain Ahmad , Ankit Kumar Jain , Nikhil Kumar Goel

Phishing emails are a critical component of the cybercrime kill chain due to their wide reach and low cost. Their ever-evolving nature renders traditional rule-based and feature-engineered detectors ineffective in the ongoing arms race…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Ruofan Liu , Yun Lin , Silas Yeo Shuen Yu , Xiwen Teoh , Zhenkai Liang , Jin Song Dong

Phishing has been a prevalent cyber threat that manipulates users into revealing sensitive private information through deceptive tactics, designed to masquerade as trustworthy entities. Over the years, proactively detection of phishing URLs…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-25 Maraz Mia , Darius Derakhshan , Mir Mehedi A. Pritom

Phishing is one of the most prevalent and expensive types of cybercrime faced by organizations and individuals worldwide. Most prior research has focused on various technical features and traditional representations of text to characterize…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-08-20 Tarini Saka , Rachiyta Jain , Kami Vaniea , Nadin Kökciyan

Phishing is an increasingly sophisticated form of cyberattack that is inflicting huge financial damage to corporations throughout the globe while also jeopardizing individuals' privacy. Attackers are constantly devising new methods of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-03-18 Asif Newaz , Farhan Shahriyar Haq , Nadim Ahmed

Spear-phishing attacks present a significant security challenge, with large language models (LLMs) escalating the threat by generating convincing emails and facilitating target reconnaissance. To address this, we propose a detection…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-25 Daniel Nahmias , Gal Engelberg , Dan Klein , Asaf Shabtai

Phishing remains the most pervasive threat to the Web, enabling large-scale credential theft and financial fraud through deceptive webpages. While recent reference-based and generative-AI-driven phishing detectors achieve strong accuracy,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Tailai Song , Pedro Casas , Michela Meo

Social engineering attacks exploit human trust rather than software vulnerabilities, making them difficult to detect using conventional filters. We propose a two-stage filter-then-verify framework combining inductive Graph Neural Networks…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Barsat Khadka , Prasant Koirala , Kshitiz Neupane , Nick Rahimi

Web attack detection is the first line of defense for securing web applications, designed to preemptively identify malicious activities. Deep learning-based approaches are increasingly popular for their advantages: automatically learning…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Kangqiang Luo , Yi Xie , Shiqian Zhao , Jing Pan