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We report studies on the mitigation of optical effects of bright low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites on Vera C. Rubin Observatory and its Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). These include options for pointing the telescope to avoid…

The effect of satellite constellations on observations in the visible and IR domains is estimated, considering 18 constellations in development by SpaceX, Amazon, OneWeb, and others, with over 26,000 satellites, constituting a…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2021-08-06 Olivier R. Hainaut , Adrew P. Williams

We investigate a novel satellite avoidance strategy to mitigate the impact of large commercial satellite constellations in low-Earth orbit on the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). We simulate the orbits of…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2022-11-30 Jinghan Alina Hu , Meredith L. Rawls , Peter Yoachim , Željko Ivezić

The Steward Observatory LEO Satellite Photometric Survey is a comprehensive observational survey to characterize the apparent brightness of the Starlink and OneWeb low Earth orbit satellites and evaluate the potential impact on astronomy.…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2023-11-27 Harrison Krantz , Eric C. Pearce , Adam Block

The number of satellites on low orbit has dramatically increased over the past years, raising concerns among the astronomical community about their impact on observations. Spectroscopic observations represent a large fraction of…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2024-01-19 Olivier R. Hainaut Sabine Moehler

Up to 100,000 satellites could be launched into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) in the coming decade. Assuming the two most advanced companies' plans are realised, close to 80,000 satellites will be present at a variety of altitudes between 328 -…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2021-08-10 Andrew Williams , Olivier Hainaut , Angel Otarola , Gie Han Tan , Andrew Biggs , Neil Phillips , Giuliana Rotola

The rapid development of mega-constellations in low Earth orbit (LEO) severely impacts ground-based optical astronomical observations. By combining WorldWide Telescope (WWT) simulations with 2019 and 2023 observational data from the…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2026-05-19 Jing Ren , Zhou Fan , Hong-rui Gu , Qi-qian Zhang , Yun-fei Xu , Jun-ju Du , Xiao-han Chen , Lin-ying Mi , Hong Wu

The new Starlink V2 satellites incorporate improvements to the chassis brightness through dielectric mirrors, off-pointing solar arrays, and black paint on exposed components. For the general case in which the reflectivities are initially…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2025-06-25 Phanindra Kandula , J. Anthony Tyson , Jacob Askari , Forrest Fankhauser

This study evaluates the effect of proposed constellations -- ranging from current deployments to mega-constellations and very bright reflector concepts -- on direct trail losses, diffuse background, and scattered sky brightness. We use a…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2026-04-13 Olivier R. Hainaut

This article is a second analysis step from the descriptive arXiv:2001.10952 preprint. This work is aimed to arise awareness to the scientific astronomical community about the negative impact of satellites' mega-constellations and put in…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2020-03-26 Stefano Gallozzi , Diego Paris , Marco Scardia , David Dubois

The number of artificial satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is increasing at an exponential rate since 2019. Satellites are visible to both ground and space telescopes, and their bright emission in optical, infrared, and radio-wavelengths…

The number of satellites in low-Earth orbit is increasing rapidly, and many tens of thousands of them are expected to be launched in the coming years. There is a strong concern among the astronomical community about the contamination of…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2022-01-19 C. G. Bassa , O. R. Hainaut , D. Galadi-Enriquez

We examine the simple model put forth in a recent note by Loeb regarding the brightness of space debris in the size range of 1-10 cm and their impact on the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) transient object searches.…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2024-05-07 J. Anthony Tyson , Adam Snyder , Daniel Polin , Meredith L. Rawls , Zeljko Ivezic

In the coming decade, up to 100 000 satellites in large constellations could be launched into low Earth orbit. The satellites will introduce a variety of negative impacts on astronomy observatories and science, which vary from negligible to…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2021-08-10 Andrew Williams , Olivier Hainaut , Angel Otarola , Gie Han Tan , Giuliana Rotola

Modeling the brightness of satellites in large Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations can not only assist the astronomical community in assessing the impact of reflected light from satellites, optimizing observing schedules and guiding data…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2024-05-16 Yao Lu

The impact of large-scale constellations of satellites, is a concern for ground-based astronomers. In recent years there has been a significant increase in the number of satellites in Low-Earth Orbit and this trend is set to continue. The…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2021-11-23 James Osborn , Laurence Blacketer , Matthew J. Townson , Ollie J. D. Farley

Megaconstellations of thousands to tens of thousands of artificial satellites (satcons) are rapidly being developed and launched. These satcons will have negative consequences for observational astronomy research, and are poised to…

地球与行星天体物理 · 物理学 2022-01-05 S. M. Lawler , A. C. Boley , H. Rein

There is a growing concern about an impact of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite constellations on ground-based astronomical observations, in particular, on wide-field surveys in the optical and infrared. The Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF),…

Space-based and ground-based telescopes have extensively documented the impact of satellites on astronomical observations. With the proliferation of satellite mega-constellation programs, their influence on astronomical observations has…

天体物理仪器与方法 · 物理学 2024-07-03 Tianzhu Hu , Yong Zhang , Xiangqun Cui , Zihuang Cao , Kang Huang , Jingyi Cai , Jun Li , Tong Zhou
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