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The training dynamics of deep neural networks often defy expectations, even as these models form the foundation of modern machine learning. Two prominent examples are grokking, where test performance improves abruptly long after the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-28 Keitaro Sakamoto , Issei Sato

Recently, an interesting phenomenon called grokking has gained much attention, where generalization occurs long after the models have initially overfitted the training data. We try to understand this seemingly strange phenomenon through the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-05 Zhiquan Tan , Weiran Huang

Grokking the delayed transition from memorization to generalization in neural networks remains poorly understood, in part because prior empirical studies confound the roles of architecture, optimization, and regularization. We present a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-27 Shalima Binta Manir , Anamika Paul Rupa

Grokking, the phenomenon of delayed generalization, is often attributed to the depth and compositional structure of deep neural networks. We study grokking in one of the simplest possible settings: the learning of a linear model with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Nataraj Das , Atreya Vedantam , Chandrashekar Lakshminarayanan

One of the most surprising puzzles in neural network generalisation is grokking: a network with perfect training accuracy but poor generalisation will, upon further training, transition to perfect generalisation. We propose that grokking…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-09-06 Vikrant Varma , Rohin Shah , Zachary Kenton , János Kramár , Ramana Kumar

We investigate the phenomenon of grokking -- delayed generalization accompanied by non-monotonic test loss behavior -- in a simple binary logistic classification task, for which "memorizing" and "generalizing" solutions can be strictly…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-07-22 Alon Beck , Noam Levi , Yohai Bar-Sinai

We propose that the grokking phenomenon, where the train loss of a neural network decreases much earlier than its test loss, can arise due to a neural network transitioning from lazy training dynamics to a rich, feature learning regime. To…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-04-12 Tanishq Kumar , Blake Bordelon , Samuel J. Gershman , Cengiz Pehlevan

Recent research on the grokking phenomenon has illuminated the intricacies of neural networks' training dynamics and their generalization behaviors. Grokking refers to a sharp rise of the network's generalization accuracy on the test set,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-31 Simin Fan , Razvan Pascanu , Martin Jaggi

Grokking refers to a delayed generalization following overfitting when optimizing artificial neural networks with gradient-based methods. In this work, we demonstrate that grokking can be induced by regularization, either explicit or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-14 Pascal Jr Tikeng Notsawo , Guillaume Dumas , Guillaume Rabusseau

Grokking is the intriguing phenomenon where a model learns to generalize long after it has fit the training data. We show both analytically and numerically that grokking can surprisingly occur in linear networks performing linear tasks in a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-02-06 Noam Levi , Alon Beck , Yohai Bar-Sinai

Flatness of the loss curve is conjectured to be connected to the generalization ability of machine learning models, in particular neural networks. While it has been empirically observed that flatness measures consistently correlate strongly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-11-05 Henning Petzka , Michael Kamp , Linara Adilova , Cristian Sminchisescu , Mario Boley

Understanding neural network's (NN) generalizability remains a central question in deep learning research. The special phenomenon of grokking, where NNs abruptly generalize long after the training performance reaches a near-perfect level,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Xiaotian Zhang , Yue Shang , Entao Yang , Ge Zhang

Grokking, or delayed generalization, is a phenomenon where generalization in a deep neural network (DNN) occurs long after achieving near zero training error. Previous studies have reported the occurrence of grokking in specific controlled…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-10 Ahmed Imtiaz Humayun , Randall Balestriero , Richard Baraniuk

Grokking, the sudden generalization that occurs after prolonged overfitting, is a surprising phenomenon challenging our understanding of deep learning. Although significant progress has been made in understanding grokking, the reasons…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Lucas Prieto , Melih Barsbey , Pedro A. M. Mediano , Tolga Birdal

In this paper we propose to study generalization of neural networks on small algorithmically generated datasets. In this setting, questions about data efficiency, memorization, generalization, and speed of learning can be studied in great…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-01-07 Alethea Power , Yuri Burda , Harri Edwards , Igor Babuschkin , Vedant Misra

Grokking, the unusual phenomenon for algorithmic datasets where generalization happens long after overfitting the training data, has remained elusive. We aim to understand grokking by analyzing the loss landscapes of neural networks,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-03-24 Ziming Liu , Eric J. Michaud , Max Tegmark

In continual learning problems, it is often necessary to overwrite components of a neural network's learned representation in response to changes in the data stream; however, neural networks often exhibit \primacy bias, whereby early…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Clare Lyle , Gharda Sokar , Razvan Pascanu , Andras Gyorgy

The phenomenon of grokking in over-parameterized neural networks has garnered significant interest. It involves the neural network initially memorizing the training set with zero training error and near-random test error. Subsequent…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-17 Hu Qiye , Zhou Hao , Yu RuoXi

We demonstrate the existence of a complexity phase transition in neural networks by studying the grokking phenomenon, where networks suddenly transition from memorization to generalization long after overfitting their training data. To…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-22 Branton DeMoss , Silvia Sapora , Jakob Foerster , Nick Hawes , Ingmar Posner

Grokking, the sudden transition from memorization to generalization, is characterized by the emergence of low-dimensional representations, yet the mechanism underlying this organization remains elusive. We propose that intrinsic task…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Hyeonbin Hwang , Yeachan Park
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