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Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, demonstrating remarkable computational power and linguistic capabilities. However, these models are inherently prone to various biases stemming from their training…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-14 Riccardo Cantini , Giada Cosenza , Alessio Orsino , Domenico Talia

Large Language Models (LLMs) can produce surprisingly sophisticated estimates of their own uncertainty. However, it remains unclear to what extent this expressed confidence is tied to the reasoning, knowledge, or decision making of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Jiawei Wang , Yanfei Zhou , Siddartha Devic , Deqing Fu

Large language models are increasingly used to support high-stakes decisions, potentially influencing who is granted bail or receives a loan. Naive chain-of-thought sampling can improve average decision accuracy, but has also been shown to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-16 Zara Hall , Melanie Subbiah , Thomas P Zollo , Kathleen McKeown , Richard Zemel

The deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) as tool-using agents causes their alignment training to manifest in new ways. Recent work finds that language models can use tools in ways that contradict the interests or explicit instructions…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Kushal Agrawal , Frank Xiao , Guido Bergman , Asa Cooper Stickland

Jailbreaking large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a critical security challenge with the widespread deployment of conversational AI systems. Adversarial users exploit these models through carefully crafted prompts to elicit…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-23 Sri Durga Sai Sowmya Kadali , Evangelos E. Papalexakis

Large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides, extending their applications to dialogue systems, automated content creation, and domain-specific advisory tasks. However, as their use grows, concerns have emerged regarding their…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Bing Song , Jianing Liu , Sisi Jian , Chenyang Wu , Vinayak Dixit

Large Language Models (LLMs) suffer from a range of vulnerabilities that allow malicious users to solicit undesirable responses through manipulation of the input text. These so-called jailbreak prompts are designed to trick the LLM into…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 John Hawkins , Aditya Pramar , Rodney Beard , Rohitash Chandra

Large Language Models (LLMs) are regularly being used to label data across many domains and for myriad tasks. By simply asking the LLM for an answer, or ``prompting,'' practitioners are able to use LLMs to quickly get a response for an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-03 Abel Salinas , Fred Morstatter

Refusal on harmful prompts is a key safety behaviour in instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs), yet the internal causes of this behaviour remain poorly understood. We study two public instruction-tuned models, Gemma-2-2B-IT and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-29 Nirmalendu Prakash , Yeo Wei Jie , Amir Abdullah , Ranjan Satapathy , Erik Cambria , Roy Ka Wei Lee

Situations where people have to decide between hurting themselves or another person are at the core of many individual and global conflicts. Yet little is known about how people behave when facing these situations in the lab. Here we report…

种群与进化 · 定量生物学 2014-12-23 Valerio Capraro

As Large Language Models (LLMs) evolve from chatbots to agentic assistants, they are increasingly observed to exhibit risky behaviors when subjected to survival pressure, such as the threat of being shut down. While multiple cases have…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Yida Lu , Jianwei Fang , Xuyang Shao , Zixuan Chen , Shiyao Cui , Shanshan Bian , Guangyao Su , Pei Ke , Han Qiu , Minlie Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, have demonstrated vast potential but also introduce challenges related to content constraints and potential misuse. Our study investigates three key research questions: (1) the number of different…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2024-03-12 Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Zhengzi Xu , Yuekang Li , Yaowen Zheng , Ying Zhang , Lida Zhao , Tianwei Zhang , Kailong Wang , Yang Liu

Despite recent advances, Large Language Models remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass alignment safeguards and elicit harmful outputs. While prior research has proposed various attack strategies differing in human readability…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Havva Alizadeh Noughabi , Julien Serbanescu , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Ali Dehghantanha

In day-to-day communication, people often approximate the truth - for example, rounding the time or omitting details - in order to be maximally helpful to the listener. How do large language models (LLMs) handle such nuanced trade-offs? To…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-14 Ryan Liu , Theodore R. Sumers , Ishita Dasgupta , Thomas L. Griffiths

We investigate whether Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit altruistic tendencies, and critically, whether their implicit associations and self-reports predict actual altruistic behavior. Using a multi-method approach inspired by human…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-03 Sandro Andric

Human moral judgment is context-dependent and modulated by interpersonal relationships. As large language models (LLMs) increasingly function as decision-support systems, determining whether they encode these social nuances is critical. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Jiseon Kim , Jea Kwon , Luiz Felipe Vecchietti , Wenchao Dong , Jaehong Kim , Meeyoung Cha

With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs), the safety of LLMs has become a critical concern. Despite significant efforts in safety alignment, current LLMs remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks. However, the root causes…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Yonghong Deng , Zhen Yang , Ping Jian , Xinyue Zhang , Zhongbin Guo , Chengzhi Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit pronounced context-dependent variability that undermines predictable multi-agent behavior in tasks requiring strategic thinking. Focusing on models that range from 7 to 9 billion parameters in size…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Nunzio Lore , Babak Heydari

Large language models (LLMs) have been extensively used for legal judgment prediction tasks based on case reports and crime history. However, with a surge in the availability of large vision language models (VLMs), legal judgment prediction…

Can large language models (LLMs) admit their mistakes when they should know better? In this work, we study when and why LLMs choose to retract, i.e., spontaneously and immediately acknowledge their errors. Using model-specific testbeds, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Yuqing Yang , Robin Jia
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