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In this letter, we present rephasing invariant formulae $\delta^{(\alpha i)} = \arg [ { V_{\alpha 1} V_{\alpha 2} V_{\alpha 3} V_{1i} V_{2i} V_{3i} / V_{\alpha i }^{3} \det V } ] $ for CP phases $\delta^{(\alpha i)}$ associated with nine…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2025-10-16 Masaki J. S. Yang

In this letter, we present a geometric representation of the CP phases $\delta_{\rm PDG}$ and $\delta_{\rm KM}$ in the PDG and Kobayashi--Maskawa parameterizations of the flavor mixing matrix in the complex plane. The sum rule with the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2025-12-09 Masaki J. S. Yang

In this letter, we obtain a rephasing invariant formula for the CP phase in the Kobayashi--Maskawa parameterization $\delta_{\rm KM} = \arg [ - { V_{ud} \det V_{\rm CKM} / V_{us} V_{ub} V_{cd} V_{td}} ]$. General perturbative expansion of…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-02-18 Masaki J. S. Yang

In this letter, using a rephasing invariant formula $\delta = \arg [ { V_{ud} V_{us} V_{c b} V_{tb} / V_{ub} \det V_{\rm CKM} }]$, we evaluate the CP phase $\delta$ of the CKM matrix $V_{\rm CKM}$ perturbatively for small quark mixing…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-02-03 Masaki J. S. Yang

CP invariance condition and rephasing invariance in KM scheme of CP violation is discussed. The CP violation measures in B physics, corresponding to the three angles of unitarity triangle are given in rephasing invariant form. With the…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2007-05-23 T. Kurimoto

Current experimental data indicate that two unitarity triangles of the CKM quark flavor mixing matrix V are almost the right triangles with \alpha \approx 90^\circ. We find that \alpha = 90^\circ actually points to {\rm…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2009-08-17 Zhi-zhong Xing

We report on a comparative study of the profile of the CKM unitarity triangle, and the resulting CP asymmetries in B decays, in the standard model and in several variants of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), characterized by…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2010-11-23 A. Ali , D. London

The CKM matrix describing quark mixing with three generations can be parameterized by three mixing angles and one CP violating phase. In most of the parameterizations, the CP violating phase chosen is not a directly measurable quantity and…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2015-06-04 Guan-Nan Li , Hsiu-Hsien Lin , Dong Xu , Xiao-Gang He

A new approach to the parametrization of the CKM matrix, $V$, is considered in which $V$ is written as a linear combination of the unit matrix $I$ and a non-diagonal matrix $U$ which causes intergenerational-mixing, that is $V=\cos\theta…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2009-01-06 S. Chaturvedi , Virendra Gupta

The phase equivalence of the theoretical mixing matrix ${\bf V}^{th}$ derived from the breaking of the flavour permutational symmetry and the standard parametrization ${\bf V}^{PDG}$ advocated by the Particle Data Group is explicitly…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2009-10-31 A. Mondragon , E. Rodriguez-Jauregui

In this letter, we present an explicit rephasing transformation that maps a general $4\times4$ flavor mixing matrix to the standard parametrization of four-generation models. By combining rephasing-covariant minors and the determinant…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2025-12-25 Masaki J. S. Yang

The phase equivalence of the theoretical quark mixing matrix ${\bf V}^{th}$ derived from the breaking of the flavour permutational symmetry and the phenomenological parametrizations ${\bf V}^{PDG}$ and ${\bf V}^{KM}$ is explicitly…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2016-09-06 A. Mondragon , E. Rodriguez-Jauregui

The nearly right unitarity triangle can be simply obtained if a quark mass matrix is written as a linear combination of real rank-1 matrices and the coefficient which gives the mass of the second generation is pure imaginary. Supposing that…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2018-06-05 Yukihiro Mimura

Using the fact that the neutrino mixing matrix $U = U^\dagger_{e}U_{\nu}$, where $U_{e}$ and $U_{\nu}$ result from the diagonalisation of the charged lepton and neutrino mass matrices, we analyse the sum rules which the Dirac phase $\delta$…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2015-04-24 I. Girardi , S. T. Petcov , A. V. Titov

In this paper, we explore rephasing invariant structures of the Dirac CP phase $\delta$ under an approximation $U^{e}_{13} = 0$, where the 1-3 element of the diagonalization of charged leptons $U^{e}$ is neglected. With the further…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2026-03-10 Masaki J. S. Yang

We present a classification of possible parametrizations of the 3x3 lepton flavor mixing matrix in terms of the rotation and phase angles. A particular parametrization, which is most convenient to describe the observables of neutrino…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2014-11-17 Harald Fritzsch , Zhi-zhong Xing

The CKM matrix describing quark mixing with three generations can be parameterized by three Euler mixing angles and one CP violating phase. In most of the parameterizations, the CP violating phase chosen is not a directly measurable…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2015-06-12 Guan-Nan Li , Hsiu-Hsien Lin , Dong Xu , Xiao-Gang He

The unitarity triangles of the $3\times 3$ Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix are studied in a systematic way. We show that the phases of the nine CKM rephasing invariants are indeed the outer angles of the six unitarity triangles and…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2010-11-01 Dan-di WU , Zhi-zhong XING

In the canonical seesaw mechanism, the strengths of charged-current interactions for light and heavy Majorana neutrinos are described respectively by the $3\times 3$ matrices $U$ and $R$ that are correlated with each other via the exact…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2025-08-05 Zhi-zhong Xing

Three CP-violating phases of the $3\times 3$ lepton flavor mixing matrix $V$, denoted as $\delta$, $\rho$ and $\sigma$ in a useful phase convention, are entangled with one another in the one-loop renormalization-group equations. We show…

高能物理 - 唯象学 · 物理学 2009-04-25 Zhi-zhong Xing
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