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Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is an expressive formal language for specifying spatio-temporal requirements over real-valued, real-time signals. It has been widely used for the verification and synthesis of autonomous systems and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Bowen Ye , Zhijian Li , Junyue Huang , Junkai Ma , Xiang Yin

Machine learning techniques using neural networks have achieved promising success for time-series data classification. However, the models that they produce are challenging to verify and interpret. In this paper, we propose an explainable…

形式语言与自动机理论 · 计算机科学 2023-07-04 Danyang Li , Mingyu Cai , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Roberto Tron

Time series classification is a task of paramount importance, as this kind of data often arises in safety-critical applications. However, it is typically tackled with black-box deep learning methods, making it hard for humans to understand…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-28 Irene Ferfoglia , Simone Silvetti , Gaia Saveri , Laura Nenzi , Luca Bortolussi

There has been a growing interest in extracting formal descriptions of the system behaviors from data. Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is an expressive formal language used to describe spatial-temporal properties with interpretability. This…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2024-05-16 Danyang Li , Mingyu Cai , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Roberto Tron

Recent years have seen an increasing use of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) as a formal specification language for symbolic control, due to its expressiveness and closeness to natural language. Furthermore, STL specifications can be encoded as…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-06-11 Yann Gilpin , Vince Kurtz , Hai Lin

Formal methods provide very powerful tools and techniques for the design and analysis of complex systems. Their practical application remains however limited, due to the widely accepted belief that formal methods require extensive expertise…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-03-25 Jie He , Ezio Bartocci , Dejan Ničković , Haris Isakovic , Radu Grosu

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a widely adopted specification language in cyber-physical systems for expressing critical temporal requirements, such as safety conditions and response time. However, STL's expressivity is not sufficient to…

计算机科学中的逻辑 · 计算机科学 2025-04-15 Hongkai Chen , Zeyu Zhang , Shouvik Roy , Ezio Bartocci , Scott A. Smolka , Scott D. Stoller , Shan Lin

This paper presents a technique, named STLCG, to compute the quantitative semantics of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) formulas using computation graphs. STLCG provides a platform which enables the incorporation of logical specifications into…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-12-28 Karen Leung , Nikos Aréchiga , Marco Pavone

Natural language is an intuitive way for humans to communicate tasks to a robot. While natural language (NL) is ambiguous, real world tasks and their safety requirements need to be communicated unambiguously. Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is…

形式语言与自动机理论 · 计算机科学 2022-07-05 Sara Mohammadinejad , Jesse Thomason , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in mathematical reasoning tasks when guided by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. However, they tend to produce highly confident yet incorrect outputs, which poses significant…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-11 Zhenjiang Mao , Artem Bisliouk , Rohith Reddy Nama , Ivan Ruchkin

We propose an interval extension of Signal Temporal Logic (STL) called Interval Signal Temporal Logic (\ISTL). Given an STL formula, we consider an interval inclusion function for each of its predicates. Then, we use minimal inclusion…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-12-13 Luke Baird , Akash Harapanahalli , Samuel Coogan

Time series classification is a task of paramount importance, as this kind of data often arises in safety-critical applications. However, it is typically tackled with black-box deep learning methods, making it hard for humans to understand…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-07 Irene Ferfoglia , Simone Silvetti , Gaia Saveri , Laura Nenzi , Luca Bortolussi

Integrating symbolic knowledge and data-driven learning algorithms is a longstanding challenge in Artificial Intelligence. Despite the recognized importance of this task, a notable gap exists due to the discreteness of symbolic…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Gaia Saveri , Laura Nenzi , Luca Bortolussi , Jan Křetínský

Temporal Logic (TL), especially Signal Temporal Logic (STL), enables precise formal specification, making it widely used in cyber-physical systems such as autonomous driving and robotics. Automatically transforming NL into STL is an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-25 Yue Fang , Zhi Jin , Jie An , Hongshen Chen , Xiaohong Chen , Naijun Zhan

Symbolic control problems aim to synthesize control policies for dynamical systems under complex temporal specifications. For such problems, Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is increasingly used as the formal specification language due to its…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-05-17 Shirantha Welikala , Hai Lin , Panos J. Antsaklis

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a powerful formal language for specifying real-time specifications of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Transforming specifications written in natural language into STL formulas automatically has attracted…

形式语言与自动机理论 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Yue Fang , Jin Zhi , Jie An , Hongshen Chen , Xiaohong Chen , Naijun Zhan

Most existing Time series classification (TSC) models lack interpretability and are difficult to inspect. Interpretable machine learning models can aid in discovering patterns in data as well as give easy-to-understand insights to domain…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-09-20 Ruixuan Yan , Tengfei Ma , Achille Fokoue , Maria Chang , Agung Julius

In this paper, we propose a neuro-symbolic framework called weighted Signal Temporal Logic Neural Network (wSTL-NN) that combines the characteristics of neural networks and temporal logics. Weighted Signal Temporal Logic (wSTL) formulas are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-04-13 Ruixuan Yan , Agung Julius

Continuous representations of logic formulae allow us to integrate symbolic knowledge into data-driven learning algorithms. If such embeddings are semantically consistent, i.e. if similar specifications are mapped into nearby vectors, they…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-17 Sara Candussio , Gaia Saveri , Gabriele Sarti , Luca Bortolussi

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is widely used to specify timed and safety-critical tasks for cyber-physical systems, but writing STL formulas directly is difficult for non-expert users. Natural language (NL) provides a convenient interface,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-31 Kosei Fushimi , Kazunobu Serizawa , Junya Ikemoto , Kazumune Hashimoto
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