相关论文: A Century of Bose-Einstein Condensation
This short review is devoted to celebration of two major events in quantum physics. The first one is the birth of the concept of Bose-Einstein condensation (1925) and the second is the experimental proof that it does exist and appears in…
The piling up of a macroscopic fraction of noninteracting bosons in the lowest energy state of a system at very low temperatures is known as Bose-Einstein condensation. It took nearly 70 years to observe the condensate after their…
The modern theory of Bose-Einstein condensation, superfluidity, and superconductivity is reviewed. The thermodynamic principle for superfluid flow and the equation of motion for condensed bosons are given. Computer simulations of…
Bose-Einstein condensation is a remarkable manifestation of quantum statistics and macroscopic quantum coherence. Superconductivity and superfluidity have their origin in Bose-Einstein condensation. Ultracold quantum gases have provided…
The realization of Bose-Einstein condensation in ultracold trapped gases has led to a revival of interest in that fascinating quantum phenomenon. This experimental achievement necessitated both extremely low temperatures and sufficiently…
We propose a new theoretical formalism which describes the Bose Einstein condensation of weakly interacting bosons with finite life time interacting with a thermal bath. We show that if a quasi-thermal distribution function of particles is…
This article reviews recent investigations on the phenomenon of Bose-Einstein condensation of dilute gases. Since the experimental observation of quantum degeneracy in atomic gases, the research activity in the field of coherent…
The paradox of Bose-Einstein condensation is that phenomena such as the $\lambda$-transition heat capacity and superfluid flow are macroscopic, whereas the occupancy of the ground state is microscopic. This contradiction is resolved with a…
The burgeoning field of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute alkali and hydrogen gases has stimulated a great deal of research into the statistical physics of weakly interacting quantum degenerate systems. The recent experiments offer the…
Applying the seminal work of Bose in 1924 on what was later known as Bose-Einstein statistics, Einstein predicted in 1925 that at sufficiently low temperatures, a macroscopic fraction of constituents of a gas of bosons will drop down to the…
The transition from normal state to superconductive state is a condensation (Bose-Einstein condensation) process. As an example of Bose-Einstein condensation, the condensation process of superconductivity is investigated in detail. The…
One of the most remarkable recent developments in the study of ultracold Bose gases is the observation of a reversible transition from a Bose Einstein condensate to a state composed of localized atoms as the strength of a periodic, optical…
Since their prediction by Einstein at the dawn of quantum mechanics, Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), owing to their property to show quantum phenomena on macroscopic scales, are drawing increasing attention across various fields in…
20 years ago a new quantum state of matter was discovered and identified. The observed dynamic quantum state of spin precession in superfluid 3He-B bears the properties of spin current superfluidity, Bose condensation of spin waves --…
Bose-Einstein-condensed gases in external spatially random potentials are considered in the frame of a stochastic self-consistent mean-field approach. This method permits the treatment of the system properties for the whole range of the…
Liquid helium 4 had been the only bosonic superfluid available in experiments for a long time. This situation was changed in 1995, when a new superfluid was born with the realization of the Bose-Einstein condensation in ultracold atomic…
Bose-Einstein condensation and the $\lambda$-transition are described in molecular detail for bosons interacting with a pair potential. New phenomena are identified that are absent in the usual ideal gas treatment. Monte Carlo simulations…
Magnon Bose-Einstein Condensates (BECs) and supercurrents are coherent quantum phenomena, which appear on a macroscopic scale in parametrically populated solid state spinsystems. One of the most fascinating and attractive features of these…
Phase transitions are ubiquitous in nature, ranging from protein folding and denaturisation, to the superconductor-insulator quantum phase transition, to the decoupling of forces in the early universe. Remarkably, phase transitions can be…
Forty-five years after the discovery of the peculiar quantum effect known as `probability backflow', and twenty years after the greatest possible size of the effect was characterized, an experiment has been proposed recently to observe the…