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We study a sequential decision-making problem for a profit-maximizing operator of an autonomous mobility-on-demand system. Optimizing a central operator's vehicle-to-request dispatching policy requires efficient and effective fleet control…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-06-24 Zeno Woywood , Jasper I. Wiltfang , Julius Luy , Tobias Enders , Maximilian Schiffer

The actor-critic (AC) framework has achieved strong empirical success in off-policy reinforcement learning but suffers from the "moving target" problem, where the evaluated policy changes continually. Functional critics, or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Qinxun Bai , Yuxuan Han , Wei Xu , Zhengyuan Zhou

Value-based algorithms are a cornerstone of off-policy reinforcement learning due to their simplicity and training stability. However, their use has traditionally been restricted to discrete action spaces, as they rely on estimating…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 Yigit Korkmaz , Urvi Bhuwania , Ayush Jain , Erdem Bıyık

The class of deep deterministic off-policy algorithms is effectively applied to solve challenging continuous control problems. Current approaches commonly utilize random noise as an exploration method, which has several drawbacks, including…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-07 Igor Kuznetsov

As an important algorithm in deep reinforcement learning, advantage actor critic (A2C) has been widely succeeded in both discrete and continuous control tasks with raw pixel inputs, but its sample efficiency still needs to improve more. In…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-15 Yuan Wang , Chunyuan Zhang , Tianzong Yu , Meng Ma

In this paper, sample-aware policy entropy regularization is proposed to enhance the conventional policy entropy regularization for better exploration. Exploiting the sample distribution obtainable from the replay buffer, the proposed…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-10 Seungyul Han , Youngchul Sung

Reusing previously trained models is critical in deep reinforcement learning to speed up training of new agents. However, it is unclear how to acquire new skills when objectives and constraints are in conflict with previously learned…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-02-09 Jaime S. Ide , Daria Mićović , Michael J. Guarino , Kevin Alcedo , David Rosenbluth , Adrian P. Pope

Reinforcement learning algorithms are known to be sample inefficient, and often performance on one task can be substantially improved by leveraging information (e.g., via pre-training) on other related tasks. In this work, we propose a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-15 Jonathan Lebensold , William Hamilton , Borja Balle , Doina Precup

Real-world applications require RL algorithms to act safely. During learning process, it is likely that the agent executes sub-optimal actions that may lead to unsafe/poor states of the system. Exploration is particularly brittle in…

机器学习 · 统计学 2019-06-17 Elena Smirnova , Elvis Dohmatob , Jérémie Mary

Soft Actor-Critic is a state-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithm for continuous action settings that is not applicable to discrete action settings. Many important settings involve discrete actions, however, and so here we derive an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-10-21 Petros Christodoulou

Reinforcement learning algorithms, though successful, tend to over-fit to training environments hampering their application to the real-world. This paper proposes $\text{W}\text{R}^{2}\text{L}$ -- a robust reinforcement learning algorithm…

Deploying reinforcement learning in the real world remains challenging due to sample inefficiency, sparse rewards, and noisy visual observations. Prior work leverages demonstrations and human feedback to improve learning efficiency and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-23 Xiefeng Wu , Mingyu Hu , Shu Zhang

This paper explores the application of the Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm within a Distributional Reinforcement Learning setting and introduces an implementation of such algorithm named Cram\'er-based Distributional Soft Actor-Critic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Vanya Aziz , Ivo Nowak , E. M. T Hendrix

Substantial advancements to model-based reinforcement learning algorithms have been impeded by the model-bias induced by the collected data, which generally hurts performance. Meanwhile, their inherent sample efficiency warrants utility for…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2021-11-01 Andrew S. Morgan , Daljeet Nandha , Georgia Chalvatzaki , Carlo D'Eramo , Aaron M. Dollar , Jan Peters

Off-Policy Actor-Critic (Off-PAC) methods have proven successful in a variety of continuous control tasks. Normally, the critic's action-value function is updated using temporal-difference, and the critic in turn provides a loss for the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-11-03 Wei Zhou , Yiying Li , Yongxin Yang , Huaimin Wang , Timothy M. Hospedales

Automated vehicle control using reinforcement learning (RL) has attracted significant attention due to its potential to learn driving policies through environment interaction. However, RL agents often face training challenges in sample…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-09-08 Zhihao Zhang , Chengyang Peng , Ekim Yurtsever , Keith A. Redmill

In this paper, we discuss the deterministic policy gradient using the Actor-Critic methods based on the linear compatible advantage function approximator, where the input spaces are continuous. When the policy is restricted by hard…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-04-07 Arash Bahari Kordabad , Hossein Nejatbakhsh Esfahani , Sebastien Gros

Soft Actor-Critic algorithm is widely recognized for its robust performance across a range of deep reinforcement learning tasks, where it leverages the tanh transformation to constrain actions within bounded limits. However, this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-23 Yanjun Chen , Xinming Zhang , Xianghui Wang , Zhiqiang Xu , Xiaoyu Shen , Wei Zhang

This work extends an established critic match loss landscape visualization method from online to off-policy reinforcement learning (RL), aiming to reveal the optimization geometry behind critic learning. Off-policy RL differs from stepwise…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Jingyi Liu , Jian Guo , Eberhard Gill

While the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) reinforcement learning (RL) framework -- often touted for its exploration and robustness capabilities -- is usually motivated from a probabilistic perspective, the use of deep probabilistic models has not…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-02-13 Dinghuai Zhang , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio , Qinqing Zheng , Amy Zhang , Ricky T. Q. Chen