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From extracting features to generating text, the outputs of large language models (LLMs) typically rely on the final layers, following the conventional wisdom that earlier layers capture only low-level cues. However, our analysis shows that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Oscar Skean , Md Rifat Arefin , Dan Zhao , Niket Patel , Jalal Naghiyev , Yann LeCun , Ravid Shwartz-Ziv

Recent document question answering models consist of two key components: the vision encoder, which captures layout and visual elements in images, and a Large Language Model (LLM) that helps contextualize questions to the image and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-27 Nidhi Hegde , Sujoy Paul , Gagan Madan , Gaurav Aggarwal

Learning high-quality text representations is fundamental to a wide range of NLP tasks. While encoder pretraining has traditionally relied on Masked Language Modeling (MLM), recent evidence suggests that decoder models pretrained with…

Latent diffusion models offer an attractive alternative to discrete diffusion for non-autoregressive text generation by operating on continuous text representations and denoising entire sequences in parallel. The major challenge in latent…

The field of neural machine translation (NMT) has changed with the advent of large language models (LLMs). Much of the recent emphasis in natural language processing (NLP) has been on modeling machine translation and many other problems…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Yingfeng Luo , Tong Zheng , Yongyu Mu , Bei Li , Qinghong Zhang , Yongqi Gao , Ziqiang Xu , Peinan Feng , Xiaoqian Liu , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have exhibited remarkable performance across various downstream tasks by aligning text and images in a unified embedding space. However, due to the imbalanced distribution of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Yunfan Yang , Chaoquan Jiang , Zhiyu Lin , Jinlin Xiao , Jiaming Zhang , Jitao Sang

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled image-based question-answering capabilities. However, a key limitation is the use of CLIP as the visual encoder; while it can capture coarse global information, it…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-10 Vatsal Agarwal , Matthew Gwilliam , Gefen Kohavi , Eshan Verma , Daniel Ulbricht , Abhinav Shrivastava

The immense scale of the recent large language models (LLM) allows many interesting properties, such as, instruction- and chain-of-thought-based fine-tuning, that has significantly improved zero- and few-shot performance in many natural…

音频与语音处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-05-30 Deepanway Ghosal , Navonil Majumder , Ambuj Mehrish , Soujanya Poria

Large language models (LLMs) and their multimodal variants can now process visual inputs, including images of text. This raises an intriguing question: can we compress textual inputs by feeding them as images to reduce token usage while…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 Yanhong Li , Zixuan Lan , Jiawei Zhou

Recent advancements in text-to-image generation have revolutionized numerous fields, including art and cinema, by automating the generation of high-quality, context-aware images and video. However, the utility of these technologies is often…

Large language models (LLMs) with decoder-only architectures demonstrate remarkable in-context learning (ICL) capabilities. This feature enables them to effectively handle both familiar and novel tasks by utilizing examples provided within…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2024-09-25 Chaofan Li , MingHao Qin , Shitao Xiao , Jianlyu Chen , Kun Luo , Yingxia Shao , Defu Lian , Zheng Liu

An image classifier may depend on incidental features stemming from a strong correlation between the feature and the classification target in the training dataset. Recently, Last Layer Retraining (LLR) with group-balanced datasets is shown…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 Juhyeon Park , Seokhyeon Jeong , Taesup Moon

We explore efficient strategies to fine-tune decoder-only Large Language Models (LLMs) for downstream text classification under resource constraints. Two approaches are investigated: (1) attaching a classification head to a pretrained…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Amirhossein Yousefiramandi , Ciaran Cooney

Decoder-only large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly adopted to build embedding models for diverse tasks. To overcome the inherent limitations of causal attention in representation learning, many existing methods modify the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-05 Ailiang Lin , Zhuoyun Li , Yusong Wang , Kotaro Funakoshi , Manabu Okumura

In the current literature, most embedding models are based on the encoder-only transformer architecture to extract a dense and meaningful representation of the given input, which can be a text, an image, and more. With the recent advances…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-18 Elio Musacchio , Lucia Siciliani , Pierpaolo Basile , Giovanni Semeraro

Recent advancements in text-to-image (T2I) generative models have shown remarkable capabilities in producing diverse and imaginative visuals based on text prompts. Despite the advancement, these diffusion models sometimes struggle to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-30 Xiaohui Chen , Yongfei Liu , Yingxiang Yang , Jianbo Yuan , Quanzeng You , Li-Ping Liu , Hongxia Yang

This paper does not describe a new method; instead, it provides a thorough exploration of an important yet understudied design space related to recent advances in text-to-image synthesis -- specifically, the deep fusion of large language…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-16 Bingda Tang , Boyang Zheng , Xichen Pan , Sayak Paul , Saining Xie

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance as text embedding models when finetuned with supervised contrastive training. However, their large size balloons inference time and memory requirements. In this paper, we show that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-21 Thennal D K , Tim Fischer , Chris Biemann

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing by achieving state-of-the-art performance across various tasks. Recently, their effectiveness as embedding models has gained attention, marking a paradigm shift…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-28 Chongyang Tao , Tao Shen , Shen Gao , Junshuo Zhang , Zhen Li , Kai Hua , Wenpeng Hu , Zhengwei Tao , Shuai Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in English, but their performance degrades significantly on low-resource languages (LRLs) due to English-centric training. While methods like LangBridge align LLMs with multilingual encoders such as the…