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Membership inference attacks (MIAs) are used to test practical privacy of machine learning models. MIAs complement formal guarantees from differential privacy (DP) under a more realistic adversary model. We analyse MIA vulnerability of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Marlon Tobaben , Hibiki Ito , Joonas Jälkö , Yuan He , Antti Honkela

A membership inference attack (MIA) against a machine-learning model enables an attacker to determine whether a given data record was part of the model's training data or not. In this paper, we provide an in-depth study of the phenomenon of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-09-20 Bogdan Kulynych , Mohammad Yaghini , Giovanni Cherubin , Michael Veale , Carmela Troncoso

Machine unlearning offers a promising solution to privacy and safety concerns in large language models (LLMs) by selectively removing targeted knowledge while preserving utility. However, current methods are highly sensitive to downstream…

Machine unlearning enables the removal of specific data from ML models to uphold the right to be forgotten. While approximate unlearning algorithms offer efficient alternatives to full retraining, this work reveals that they fail to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Yaxin Xiao , Qingqing Ye , Li Hu , Huadi Zheng , Haibo Hu , Zi Liang , Haoyang Li , Yijie Jiao

Safety classifiers are essential safeguards within generative AI systems, filtering harmful content or identifying at-risk users when interacting with large language models. Despite their necessity, these models are trained on sensitive…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Anthony Hughes , Alexander Goldberg , Prince Jha , Adam Perer , Nikolaos Aletras , Niloofar Mireshghallah

Machine learning models are known to leak sensitive information, as they inevitably memorize (parts of) their training data. More alarmingly, large language models (LLMs) are now trained on nearly all available data, which amplifies the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Jiashu Tao , Reza Shokri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have the promise to revolutionize computing broadly, but their complexity and extensive training data also expose significant privacy vulnerabilities. One of the simplest privacy risks associated with LLMs is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-25 Rongting Zhang , Martin Bertran , Aaron Roth

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on massive corpora that may contain sensitive information, creating privacy risks under membership inference attacks (MIAs). Knowledge distillation is widely used to compress LLMs into smaller…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Ziyao Cui , Minxing Zhang , Jian Pei

Machine unlearning aims to enable models to forget specific data instances when receiving deletion requests. Current research centres on efficient unlearning to erase the influence of data from the model and neglects the subsequent impacts…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-23 Huiqiang Chen , Tianqing Zhu , Xin Yu , Wanlei Zhou

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) pose a critical threat to the privacy of training data in deep learning. Despite significant progress in attack methodologies, our understanding of when and how models encode membership information during…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Yuetian Chen , Zhiqi Wang , Nathalie Baracaldo , Swanand Ravindra Kadhe , Lei Yu

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a specific example was used to train a given language model. While prior work has explored prompt-based attacks such as ReCALL, these methods rely heavily on the assumption that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Gyuwan Kim , Yang Li , Evangelia Spiliopoulou , Jie Ma , William Yang Wang

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have primarily focused on the process of learning from data to acquire knowledgeable learning systems. As these systems are increasingly deployed in critical areas, ensuring their…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Wei Qian , Chenxu Zhao , Yangyi Li , Mengdi Huai

Estimating statistical uncertainties allows autonomous agents to communicate their confidence during task execution and is important for applications in safety-critical domains such as autonomous driving. In this work, we present the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-05-09 Yuchen Cui , David Isele , Scott Niekum , Kikuo Fujimura

Transfer learning, successful in knowledge translation across related tasks, faces a substantial privacy threat from membership inference attacks (MIAs). These attacks, despite posing significant risk to ML model's training data, remain…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Cong Wu , Jing Chen , Qianru Fang , Kun He , Ziming Zhao , Hao Ren , Guowen Xu , Yang Liu , Yang Xiang

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) pose a serious threat to the privacy of machine learning models by allowing adversaries to determine whether a specific data sample was included in the training set. Although federated learning (FL) is…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Mohammad Zare , Pirooz Shamsinejadbabaki

This paper presents how to leak private information from a wireless signal classifier by launching an over-the-air membership inference attack (MIA). As machine learning (ML) algorithms are used to process wireless signals to make decisions…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-06-26 Yi Shi , Kemal Davaslioglu , Yalin E. Sagduyu

In a membership inference attack (MIA), an attacker exploits the overconfidence exhibited by typical machine learning models to determine whether a specific data point was used to train a target model. In this paper, we analyze the…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Meiyi Zhu , Caili Guo , Chunyan Feng , Osvaldo Simeone

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) act as a crucial auditing tool for the opaque training data of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing techniques predominantly rely on inaccessible model internals (e.g., logits) or suffer from…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-19 Jiatong Yi , Yanyang Li

Membership inference attacks (MIA) try to detect if data samples were used to train a neural network model, e.g. to detect copyright abuses. We show that models with higher dimensional input and output are more vulnerable to MIA, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-08-19 Avital Shafran , Shmuel Peleg , Yedid Hoshen

This study investigates the concept of the `right to be forgotten' within the context of large language models (LLMs). We explore machine unlearning as a pivotal solution, with a focus on pre-trained models--a notably under-researched area.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-31 Jin Yao , Eli Chien , Minxin Du , Xinyao Niu , Tianhao Wang , Zezhou Cheng , Xiang Yue