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Learning from human feedback has been shown to improve text-to-image models. These techniques first learn a reward function that captures what humans care about in the task and then improve the models based on the learned reward function.…

Reinforcement learning (RL) struggles to scale to large, combinatorial action spaces common in many real-world problems. This paper introduces a novel framework for training discrete diffusion models as highly effective policies in these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Haitong Ma , Ofir Nabati , Aviv Rosenberg , Bo Dai , Oran Lang , Craig Boutilier , Na Li , Shie Mannor , Lior Shani , Guy Tenneholtz

Diffusion models and flow matching have demonstrated remarkable success in text-to-image generation. While many existing alignment methods primarily focus on fine-tuning pre-trained generative models to maximize a given reward function,…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-02-03 Yidong Ouyang , Liyan Xie , Hongyuan Zha , Guang Cheng

The remarkable progress in text-to-video diffusion models enables the generation of photorealistic videos, although the content of these generated videos often includes unnatural movement or deformation, reverse playback, and motionless…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Yuta Oshima , Masahiro Suzuki , Yutaka Matsuo , Hiroki Furuta

Preference optimization for diffusion and flow-matching models relies on reward functions that are both discriminatively robust and computationally efficient. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as the primary reward provider,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Gongye Liu , Bo Yang , Yida Zhi , Zhizhou Zhong , Lei Ke , Didan Deng , Han Gao , Yongxiang Huang , Kaihao Zhang , Hongbo Fu , Wenhan Luo

Bridging the gap between diffusion models and human preferences is crucial for their integration into practical generative workflows. While optimizing downstream reward models has emerged as a promising alignment strategy, concerns arise…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-02 Ziyi Zhang , Sen Zhang , Yibing Zhan , Yong Luo , Yonggang Wen , Dacheng Tao

Diffusion model alignment aims to bridge the gap between generated outputs and human preferences by enhancing both semantic consistency with textual prompts and overall visual quality. Existing alignment methods face a challenging…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Xin Xie , Jiaxian Guo , Dong Gong

Diffusion models are a class of flexible generative models trained with an approximation to the log-likelihood objective. However, most use cases of diffusion models are not concerned with likelihoods, but instead with downstream objectives…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-08 Kevin Black , Michael Janner , Yilun Du , Ilya Kostrikov , Sergey Levine

Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD) facilitates efficient inference by distilling multi-step diffusion models into few-step variants. Concurrently, Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a vital tool for aligning generative models…

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful tools for 3D medical image generation, yet bridging the gap between standard training objectives and clinical relevance remains a challenge. This paper presents a method to enhance 3D diffusion…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Yueying Tian , Xudong Han , Meng Zhou , Rodrigo Aviles-Espinosa , Rupert Young , Philip Birch

In recent years, motion generative models have undergone significant advancement, yet pose challenges in aligning with downstream objectives. Recent studies have shown that using differentiable rewards to directly align the preference of…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Xiaofeng Tan , Wanjiang Weng , Haodong Lei , Hongsong Wang

Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of directly aligning diffusion models with human preferences using differentiable reward. However, they exhibit two primary challenges: (1) they rely on multistep denoising with gradient…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-12 Xiangwei Shen , Zhimin Li , Zhantao Yang , Shiyi Zhang , Yingfang Zhang , Donghao Li , Chunyu Wang , Qinglin Lu , Yansong Tang

While one commonly trains large diffusion models by collecting datasets on target downstream tasks, it is often desired to align and finetune pretrained diffusion models with some reward functions that are either designed by experts or…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Zhen Liu , Tim Z. Xiao , Weiyang Liu , Yoshua Bengio , Dinghuai Zhang

Generating high-quality and photorealistic 3D assets remains a longstanding challenge in 3D vision and computer graphics. Although state-of-the-art generative models, such as diffusion models, have made significant progress in 3D…

图形学 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 Qingming Liu , Zhen Liu , Dinghuai Zhang , Kui Jia

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) has proven effective in aligning large language models with human preferences, inspiring the development of reward-centric diffusion reinforcement learning (RDRL) to achieve similar…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Kwanyoung Kim , Byeongsu Sim

Recent advances in diffusion models have led to impressive image generation capabilities, but aligning these models with human preferences remains challenging. Reward-based fine-tuning using models trained on human feedback improves…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Dmitrii Sorokin , Maksim Nakhodnov , Andrey Kuznetsov , Aibek Alanov

Inference-time controllable generation is essential for real-world applications of unconditional diffusion models. However, most existing techniques focus on individual samples, struggling in applications that require the sample population…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Hao Luan , See-Kiong Ng , Chun Kai Ling

Diffusion models have achieved state-of-the-art performance across multiple domains, with recent advancements extending their applicability to discrete data. However, aligning discrete diffusion models with task-specific preferences remains…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-10 Umberto Borso , Davide Paglieri , Jude Wells , Tim Rocktäschel

Preference optimization for diffusion models aims to align them with human preferences for images. Previous methods typically use Vision-Language Models (VLMs) as pixel-level reward models to approximate human preferences. However, when…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-03 Tao Zhang , Cheng Da , Kun Ding , Huan Yang , Kun Jin , Yan Li , Tingting Gao , Di Zhang , Shiming Xiang , Chunhong Pan

Imitation learning from human demonstrations enables robots to perform complex manipulation tasks and has recently witnessed huge success. However, these techniques often struggle to adapt behavior to new preferences or changes in the…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 Yuxin Chen , Devesh K. Jha , Masayoshi Tomizuka , Diego Romeres