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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in conversational systems by generating human-like responses. However, they can fall short, especially when required to account for personalization or specific knowledge. In…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Soyeong Jeong , Aparna Elangovan , Emine Yilmaz , Oleg Rokhlenko

Pre-trained large-scale language models (LLMs) excel at producing coherent articles, yet their outputs may be untruthful, toxic, or fail to align with user expectations. Current approaches focus on using reinforcement learning with human…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-06 Dehong Xu , Liang Qiu , Minseok Kim , Faisal Ladhak , Jaeyoung Do

Modern large language models (LLMs) are optimized for human-aligned responses using Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF). However, existing RLHF approaches assume a universal preference model and fail to account for individual…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-11 Idan Shenfeld , Felix Faltings , Pulkit Agrawal , Aldo Pacchiano

For task-oriented dialog systems, training a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based Dialog Management module suffers from low sample efficiency and slow convergence speed due to the sparse rewards in RL.To solve this problem, many strategies…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-04-13 Zhengxu Hou , Bang Liu , Ruihui Zhao , Zijing Ou , Yafei Liu , Xi Chen , Yefeng Zheng

In this paper, we extended the method proposed in [21] to enable humans to interact naturally with autonomous agents through vocal and textual conversations. Our extended method exploits the inherent capabilities of pre-trained large…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2024-12-31 Linus Nwankwo , Elmar Rueckert

Reward design plays a pivotal role in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values, serving as the bridge between feedback signals and model optimization. This survey provides a structured organization of reward modeling and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-03 Miaomiao Ji , Yanqiu Wu , Zhibin Wu , Shoujin Wang , Jian Yang , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has been credited as the key advance that has allowed Large Language Models (LLMs) to effectively follow instructions and produce useful assistance. Classically, this involves generating…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-02 Alex J. Chan , Hao Sun , Samuel Holt , Mihaela van der Schaar

Achieving seamless, human-like interaction remains a key challenge for full-duplex spoken dialogue models (SDMs). Reinforcement learning (RL) has substantially enhanced text- and vision-language models, while well-designed reward signals…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Yifu Chen , Shengpeng Ji , Zhengqing Liu , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Ziqing Wang , Yangzhuo Li , Tianle Liang , Zhou Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exciting progress in acquiring diverse new capabilities through in-context learning, ranging from logical reasoning to code-writing. Robotics researchers have also explored using LLMs to…

Self-evolution is a central research topic in enabling large language model (LLM)-based agents to continually improve their capabilities after pretraining. Recent research has witnessed a transition from reinforcement learning (RL)-free to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Xiangyuan Xue , Yifan Zhou , Guibin Zhang , Zaibin Zhang , Yijiang Li , Chen Zhang , Zhenfei Yin , Philip Torr , Wanli Ouyang , Lei Bai

The alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) is critically dependent on reward models trained on costly human preference data. While recent work explores bypassing this cost with AI feedback, these methods often lack a rigorous theoretical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Yi-Chen Li , Tian Xu , Yang Yu , Xuqin Zhang , Xiong-Hui Chen , Zhongxiang Ling , Ningjing Chao , Lei Yuan , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Text-to-image models are powerful for producing high-quality images based on given text prompts, but crafting these prompts often requires specialized vocabulary. To address this, existing methods train rewriting models with supervision…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Hongji Yang , Yucheng Zhou , Wencheng Han , Jianbing Shen

Building scalable and reusable multi-agent decision policies from offline datasets remains a challenge in offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), as existing methods often rely on fixed observation formats and action spaces that…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Zhuohui Zhang , Bin Cheng , Bin He

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made substantial strides in structured tasks through Reinforcement Learning (RL), demonstrating proficiency in mathematical reasoning and code generation. However, applying RL in broader domains like…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Hao Sun , Yunyi Shen , Jean-Francois Ton , Mihaela van der Schaar

Simulation is an invaluable tool for developing and evaluating controllers for self-driving cars. Current simulation frameworks are driven by highly-specialist domain specific languages, and so a natural language interface would greatly…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-10-27 Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone , Alex Lascarides , Craig Innes

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made progress in various real-world tasks, which stimulates requirements for the evaluation of LLMs. Existing LLM evaluation methods are mainly supervised signal-based which depends on static datasets and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-09-11 Jiatong Li , Rui Li , Qi Liu

To improve user engagement during conversations with dialogue systems, we must improve individual dialogue responses and dialogue impressions such as consistency, personality, and empathy throughout the entire dialogue. While such dialogue…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-28 Kai Yoshida , Masahiro Mizukami , Seiya Kawano , Canasai Kruengkrai , Hiroaki Sugiyama , Koichiro Yoshino

While Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at generating human-like text, aligning their outputs with complex, qualitative goals like pedagogical soundness remains a significant challenge. Standard reinforcement learning techniques often rely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-17 Francesco Pappone , Ruggero Marino Lazzaroni , Federico Califano , Niccolò Gentile , Roberto Marras

To explore a more scalable path for adding multimodal capabilities to existing LLMs, this paper addresses a fundamental question: Can a unimodal LLM, relying solely on text, reason about its own informational needs and provide effective…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Sazia Tabasum Mim , Jack Morris , Manish Dhakal , Yanming Xiu , Maria Gorlatova , Yi Ding

Interactions with virtual assistants typically start with a predefined trigger phrase followed by the user command. To make interactions with the assistant more intuitive, we explore whether it is feasible to drop the requirement that users…