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The origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) remains elusive. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the best candidates able to meet the stringent energy requirements needed for particle acceleration to such high energies. If UHECRs…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-01-04 Nestor Mirabal

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most energetic electromagnetic explosions in the universe. Recently, the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) reported the breakthrough observation of GRB 221009A with gamma-ray energies beyond…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2026-03-10 Yunlei Huang , Sujie Lin , Soebur Razzaque , Lili Yang , Zijie Huang

The brightest long gamma-ray burst detected so far by the Swift-BAT and Fermi-GBM telescopes, GRB~221009A, provides an unprecedented opportunity for understanding the high-energy processes in extreme transient phenomena. We find that the…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-02-07 Saikat Das , Soebur Razzaque

Recently an extraordinarily bright gamma-ray burst, GRB 221009A, was observed by several facilities covering the whole electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma rays with energies up to 18 TeV were detected, as well as a possible photon with 251 TeV.…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2022-12-27 Rafael Alves Batista

GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) observed to date. Extensive observations of its afterglow emission across the electromagnetic spectrum were performed, providing the first strong evidence of a jet with a nontrivial angular…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2026-03-11 LST Collaboration , K. Abe , S. Abe , A. Abhishek , F. Acero , A. Aguasca-Cabot , I. Agudo , C. Alispach , D. Ambrosino , F. Ambrosino , L. A. Antonelli , C. Aramo , A. Arbet-Engels , C. Arcaro , T. T. H. Arnesen , K. Asano , P. Aubert , A. Baktash , M. Balbo , A. Bamba , A. Baquero Larriva , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , L. Barrios Jiménez , I. Batkovic , J. Baxter , J. Becerra González , E. Bernardini , J. Bernete , A. Berti , I. Bezshyiko , C. Bigongiari , E. Bissaldi , O. Blanch , G. Bonnoli , P. Bordas , G. Borkowski , G. Brunelli , A. Bulgarelli , M. Bunse , I. Burelli , L. Burmistrov , M. Cardillo , S. Caroff , A. Carosi , R. Carraro , M. S. Carrasco , F. Cassol , D. Cerasole , G. Ceribella , A. Cerviño Cortínez , Y. Chai , K. Cheng , A. Chiavassa , M. Chikawa , G. Chon , L. Chytka , G. M. Cicciari , A. Cifuentes , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , H. Costantini , M. Dalchenko , P. Da Vela , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , M. de Bony de Lavergne , R. Del Burgo , C. Delgado , J. Delgado Mengual , M. Dellaiera , D. della Volpe , B. De Lotto , L. Del Peral , R. de Menezes , G. De Palma , C. Díaz , A. Di Piano , F. Di Pierro , R. Di Tria , L. Di Venere , R. M. Dominik , D. Dominis Prester , A. Donini , D. Dorner , M. Doro , L. Eisenberger , D. Elsässer , G. Emery , J. Escudero , V. Fallah Ramazani , F. Ferrarotto , A. Fiasson , L. Foffano , F. Frías García-Lago , S. Fröse , Y. Fukazawa , S. Gallozzi , R. Garcia López , S. Garcia Soto , C. Gasbarra , D. Gasparrini , D. Geyer , J. Giesbrecht Paiva , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , N. Godinovic , T. Gradetzke , R. Grau , D. Green , J. Green , S. Gunji , P. Günther , J. Hackfeld , D. Hadasch , A. Hahn , M. Hashizume , T. Hassan , K. Hayashi , L. Heckmann , M. Heller , J. Herrera Llorente , K. Hirotani , D. Hoffmann , D. Horns , J. Houles , M. Hrabovsky , D. Hrupec , D. Hui , M. Iarlori , R. Imazawa , T. Inada , Y. Inome , S. Inoue , K. Ioka , M. Iori , T. Itokawa , A. Iuliano , J. Jahanvi , I. Jimenez Martinez , J. Jimenez Quiles , I. Jorge Rodrigo , J. Jurysek , M. Kagaya , O. Kalashev , V. Karas , H. Katagiri , D. Kerszberg , T. Kiyomot , Y. Kobayashi , K. Kohri , A. Kong , P. Kornecki , H. Kubo , J. Kushida , B. Lacave , M. Lainez , G. Lamanna , A. Lamastra , L. Lemoigne , M. Linhoff , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , R. López-Coto , M. López-Moya , A. López-Oramas , S. Loporchio , A. Lorini , J. Lozano Bahilo , F. Lucarelli , H. Luciani , P. L. Luque-Escamilla , P. Majumdar , M. Makariev , M. Mallamaci , D. Mandat , M. Manganaro , D. K. Maniadakis , G. Manicò , K. Mannheim , S. Marchesi , F. Marini , M. Mariotti , P. Marquez , G. Marsella , J. Martí , O. Martinez , G. Martínez , M. Martínez , A. Mas-Aguilar , M. Massa , G. Maurin , D. Mazin , J. Méndez-Gallego , S. Menon , E. Mestre Guillen , D. Miceli , T. Miener , J. M. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan , M. Mizote , T. Mizuno , M. Molero Gonzalez , E. Molina , T. Montaruli , A. Moralejo , D. Morcuende , A. Moreno Ramos , A. Morselli , V. Moya , H. Muraishi , S. Nagataki , T. Nakamori , A. Neronov , D. Nieto Castaño , M. Nievas Rosillo , L. Nikolic , K. Nishijima , K. Noda , D. Nosek , V. Novotny , S. Nozaki , M. Ohishi , Y. Ohtani , T. Oka , A. Okumura , R. Orito , L. Orsini , J. Otero-Santos , P. Ottanelli , M. Palatiello , G. Panebianco , D. Paneque , F. R. Pantaleo , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , M. Pech , M. Pecimotika , M. Peresano , F. Pfeifle , E. Pietropaolo , M. Pihet , G. Pirola , C. Plard , F. Podobnik , M. Polo , E. Prandini , M. Prouza , S. Rainò , R. Rando , W. Rhode , M. Ribó , V. Rizi , G. Rodriguez Fernandez , M. D. Rodríguez Frías , P. Romano , A. Roy , A. Ruina , E. Ruiz-Velasco , T. Saito , S. Sakurai , D. A. Sanchez , H. Sano , T. Šarić , Y. Sato , F. G. Saturni , V. Savchenko , F. Schiavone , B. Schleicher , F. Schmuckermaier , J. L. Schubert , F. Schussler , T. Schweizer , M. Seglar Arroyo , T. Siegert , G. Silvestri , A. Simongini , J. Sitarek , V. Sliusar , A. Stamerra , J. Strišković , M. Strzys , Y. Suda , A. Sunny , H. Tajima , M. Takahashi , J. Takata , R. Takeishi , P. H. T. Tam , S. J. Tanaka , D. Tateishi , T. Tavernier , P. Temnikov , Y. Terada , K. Terauchi , T. Terzic , M. Teshima , M. Tluczykont , F. Tokanai , T. Tomura , D. F. Torres , F. Tramonti , P. Travnicek , G. Tripodo , A. Tutone , M. Vacula , J. van Scherpenberg , M. Vázquez Acosta , S. Ventura , S. Vercellone , G. Verna , I. Viale , A. Vigliano , C. F. Vigorito , E. Visentin , V. Vitale , V. Voitsekhovskyi , G. Voutsinas , I. Vovk , T. Vuillaume , R. Walter , L. Wan , M. Will , J. Wójtowicz , T. Yamamoto , R. Yamazaki , Y. Yao , P. K. H. Yeung , T. Yoshida , T. Yoshikoshi , W. Zhang

We present a complete analysis of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) data of GRB 221009A, the brightest Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) ever detected. The burst emission above 30 MeV detected by the LAT preceded by 1 s the low-energy (< 10 MeV) pulse…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2024-09-10 M. Axelsson , M. Ajello , M. Arimoto , L. Baldini , J. Ballet , M. G. Baring , C. Bartolini , D. Bastieri , J. Becerra Gonzalez , R. Bellazzini , B. Berenji , E. Bissaldi , R. D. Blandford , R. Bonino , P. Bruel , S. Buson , R. A. Cameron , R. Caputo , P. A. Caraveo , E. Cavazzuti , C. C. Cheung , G. Chiaro , N. Cibrario , S. Ciprini , G. Cozzolongo , P. Cristarella Orestano , M. Crnogorcevic , A. Cuoco , S. Cutini , F. D'Ammando , S. De Gaetano , N. Di Lalla , A. Dinesh , R. Di Tria , L. Di Venere , A. Domínguez , S. J. Fegan , E. C. Ferrara , A. Fiori , A. Franckowiak , Y. Fukazawa , S. Funk , P. Fusco , G. Galanti , F. Gargano , C. Gasbarra , S. Germani , F. Giacchino , N. Giglietto , M. Giliberti , R. Gill , F. Giordano , M. Giroletti , J. Granot , D. Green , I. A. Grenier , S. Guiriec , M. Gustafsson , M. Hashizume , E. Hays , J. W. Hewitt , D. Horan , T. Kayanoki , M. Kuss , A. Laviron , J. Li , I. Liodakis , F. Longo , F. Loparco , L. Lorusso , B. Lott , M. N. Lovellette , P. Lubrano , S. Maldera , D. Malyshev , A. Manfreda , G. Martí-Devesa , R. Martinelli , I. Martinez Castellanos , M. N. Mazziotta , J. E. McEnery , I. Mereu , M. Meyer , P. F. Michelson , N. Mirabal , W. Mitthumsiri , T. Mizuno , P. Monti-Guarnieri , M. E. Monzani , T. Morishita , A. Morselli , I. V. Moskalenko , M. Negro , R. Niwa , N. Omodei , M. Orienti , E. Orlando , D. Paneque , G. Panzarini , M. Persic , M. Pesce-Rollins , V. Petrosian , R. Pillera , F. Piron , T. A. Porter , G. Principe , J. L. Racusin , S. Rainò , R. Rando , B. Rani , M. Razzano , S. Razzaque , A. Reimer , O. Reimer , F. Ryde , M. Sánchez-Conde , P. M. Saz Parkinson , D. Serini , C. Sgrò , V. Sharma , E. J. Siskind , G. Spandre , P. Spinelli , D. J. Suson , H. Tajima , D. Tak , J. B. Thayer , D. F. Torres , J. Valverde , G. Zaharijas , S. Lesage , M. S. Briggs , E. Burns , S. Bala , P. N. Bhat , W. H. Cleveland , S. Dalessi , C. de Barra , M. Gibby , M. M. Giles , R. Hamburg , B. A. Hristov , C. M. Hui , D. Kocevski , B. Mailyan , C. Malacaria , S. McBreen , S. Poolakkil , O. J. Roberts , L. Scotton , P. Veres , A. von Kienlin , C. A. Wilson-Hodge , J. Wood

The detection of $\gamma$-ray candidates up to the energy of $\approx$13 TeV from the exceptionally bright $\gamma$-ray burst GRB 221009A by the Large High Altitude Air-Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has raised considerable interest in the…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2026-04-14 Timur A. Dzhatdoev , Jagdish C. Joshi , Abhijit Roy , Grigory I. Rubtsov , Anatoly A. Semenov

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) originate from explosions at cosmological distances, generating collimated jets. GRB 221009A, exploded on 9 October 2022, has been established as the brightest GRB to date. Its bright and long emission was…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-09-30 Arnau Aguasca-Cabot , Susumu Inoue , Monica Seglar-Arroyo , Kenta Terauchi , Pol Bordas , Marc Ribó

Gamma-ray burst (GRB), GRB 221009A, a long-duration GRB, was observed simultaneously by the Water Cherenkov Detector Array (WCDA) and the Kilometer Squared Array (KM2A) of the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) during the…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2024-07-08 Sarira Sahu , B. Medina-Carrillo , D. I. Páez-Sánchez , G. Sánchez-Colón , Subhash Rajpoot

Some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have an afterglow in the tera-electronvolt (TeV) band, but the early onset of this afterglow has not been observed. We report observations with the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory of the bright GRB…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-07-11 LHAASO Collaboration

The recent detection of gamma-ray burst GRB~221009A has attracted attention due to its record brightness and first-ever detection of $\gtrsim 10$ TeV $\gamma$ rays from a GRB. Despite being the second-nearest GRB ever detected, at a…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2024-06-18 Hassan Abdalla , Soebur Razzaque , Markus Böttcher , Justin Finke , Alberto Domínguez

Acceleration of hadrons in relativistic shocks has been long expected and invoked to model GRB high-energy photon and neutrino emissions. However, so far there has been no direct observational evidence of hadronic emission from GRBs. The…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-10-19 Kai Wang , Qing-Wen Tang , Yan-Qiu Zhang , Chao Zheng , Shao-Lin Xiong , Jia Ren , Bing Zhang

Recently, the B.O.A.T. ("brightest of all time") gamma-ray burst, dubbed GRB 221009A, was detected by various instruments. Unprecedentedly, the GRB presented very-high-energy (VHE, energy above 0.1 TeV) gamma-ray emission with energy…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-06-30 Kai Wang , Zhi-Peng Ma , Ruo-Yu Liu , Yuan-Chuan Zou , Zhuo Li , Zi-Gao Dai

Recently, GRB 221009A, known as the brightest of all time (BOAT), has been observed across an astounding range of $\sim 18$ orders of magnitude in energy, spanning from radio to VHE bands. Notably, the Large High Altitude Air Shower…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2025-01-22 B. Theodore Zhang , Kohta Murase , Kunihito Ioka , Bing Zhang

Observations of long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with TeV emission during their afterglow have been on the rise. Recently, GRB 221009A, the most energetic GRB ever observed, was detected by the {LHAASO} experiment in the energy band…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-08-15 Hebzibha Isravel , Damien Begue , Asaf Pe'er

The detection of the hyper-bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) 221009A enables us to explore the nature of GRB emission and the origin of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays. We analyze the ${\it Fermi}$-LAT data and investigate GeV-TeV emission in…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-04-18 B. Theodore Zhang , Kohta Murase , Kunihito Ioka , Deheng Song , Chengchao Yuan , Péter Mészáros

Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are generally believed to be efficient particle accelerators. In the presence of energetic protons in a GRB jet, interactions between these protons and intense radiation field of the GRB are supposed to induce…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-02-01 Ruo-Yu Liu , Hai-Ming Zhang , Xiang-Yu Wang

The origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs, E $> 10^{18}$ eV) is one of the great mysteries of modern astrophysics. It has been suggested that UHECRs could be accelerated in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and engine-driven supernovae…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2023-03-01 Nestor Mirabal

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have been proposed as one of promising sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), but observational evidence is still lacking. The nearby B.O.A.T. (brightest of all time) GRB 221009A, an once-in-1000-year…

高能天体物理现象 · 物理学 2024-01-23 Hao-Ning He , B. Thoedore Zhang , Yi-Zhong Fan

On 9 October 2022, the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever recorded (GRB 221009A) was detected. Its remarkably bright emission, partially due to its close distance to Earth ($z\sim0.15$), makes this GRB a unique event. The outstanding…

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