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The typical model for measurement noise in quantum error correction is to randomly flip the binary measurement outcome. In experiments, measurements yield much richer information - e.g., continuous current values, discrete photon counts -…

We propose a new strategy to decode color codes, which is based on the projection of the error onto three surface codes. This provides a method to transform every decoding algorithm of surface codes into a decoding algorithm of color codes.…

量子物理 · 物理学 2014-01-22 Nicolas Delfosse

Different choices of quantum error-correcting codes can reduce the demands on the physical hardware needed to build a quantum computer. To achieve the full potential of a code, we must develop practical decoding algorithms that can correct…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-06-18 Zohar Schwartzman-Nowik , Benjamin J. Brown

We introduce a fault-tolerant protocol for code concatenation of a generalized Shor code using a butterfly network architecture with high noise thresholds and low ancilla overhead to allow implementation on current devices. We develop a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-11-03 Grace M. Sommers , Michael Foss-Feig , David Hayes , David A. Huse , Michael J. Gullans

We discuss how the presence of gauge sub-systems in the Bacon-Shor code [D. Bacon, Phys. Rev. A 73, 012340 (2006)] leads to remarkably simple and efficient methods for fault-tolerant error correction (FTEC). Most notably, FTEC does not…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-06-13 Panos Aliferis , Andrew W. Cross

Chase-like decoding algorithms are a popular choice for soft-input decoding of algebraic codes. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of different test pattern sets using three methods. For test pattern sets with a certain structure…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Tim Janz , Simon Obermüller , Andreas Zunker , Stephan ten Brink

Surface codes exploit topological protection to increase error resilience in quantum computing devices and can in principle be implemented in existing hardware. They are one of the most promising candidates for active error correction, not…

量子物理 · 物理学 2016-09-22 Bettina Heim , Krysta M. Svore , Matthew B. Hastings

Designing efficient fault tolerance schemes is crucial for building useful quantum computers. Most standard schemes assume no knowledge of the underlying device noise and rely on general-purpose quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes capable…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-03-31 Long D. H. My , Akshaya Jayashankar , Prabha Mandayam , Hui Khoon Ng

We prove a new version of the quantum threshold theorem that applies to concatenation of a quantum code that corrects only one error, and we use this theorem to derive a rigorous lower bound on the quantum accuracy threshold epsilon_0. Our…

量子物理 · 物理学 2007-05-23 Panos Aliferis , Daniel Gottesman , John Preskill

We study a comprehensive list of quantum codes as candidates of codes to be used at the bottom, physical, level in a fault-tolerant code architecture. Using the Aliferis-Gottesman-Preskill (AGP) ex-Rec method we calculate the…

量子物理 · 物理学 2012-12-04 Andrew W. Cross , David P. DiVincenzo , Barbara M. Terhal

The periodogram is a popular tool that tests whether a signal consists only of noise or if it also includes other components. The main issue of this method is to define a critical detection threshold that allows identification of a…

宇宙学与河外天体物理 · 物理学 2015-05-19 R. Vio , P. Andreani , A. Biggs

The surface code is a many-body quantum system, and simulating it in generic conditions is computationally hard. While the surface code is believed to have a high threshold, the numerical simulations used to establish this threshold are…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-08-02 Andrew S. Darmawan , David Poulin

In this paper, we perform a threshold analysis of braided convolutional codes (BCCs) on the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. The decoding thresholds are estimated by Monte-Carlo density evolution (MC-DE) techniques and compared…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2018-03-01 Muhammad Umar Farooq , Saeedeh Moloudi , Michael Lentmaier

Quantum processors are often affected by biased noise and noisy readout, which reduce reliability and reproducibility. This work combines two complementary strategies to address these challenges. The first is bias tailoring, which aligns…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-09-09 Devon Campbell

Topological subsystem codes proposed recently by Bombin are quantum error correcting codes defined on a two-dimensional grid of qubits that permit reliable quantum information storage with a constant error threshold. These codes require…

量子物理 · 物理学 2015-05-20 Martin Suchara , Sergey Bravyi , Barbara M. Terhal

We consider the Additive White Gaussian Noise channel with Binary Phase Shift Keying modulation. Our aim is to enable an algebraic hard decision Bounded Minimum Distance decoder for a binary block code to exploit soft information obtained…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2009-05-18 Christian Senger , Vladimir Sidorenko , Victor Zyablov

Quantum computers require error correction to achieve universal quantum computing. However, current decoding of quantum error-correcting codes relies on classical computation, which is slower than quantum operations in superconducting…

量子物理 · 物理学 2025-06-11 Pan Zhang

Error-correcting codes enable reliable communication, yet practical soft decoding remains challenging across code families and block lengths. We propose SB-ECC, a score-based decoder that casts decoding as continuous-time denoising. A…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Alon Helvits , Eliya Nachmani

We analyze the continuous operation of the nine-qubit error correcting Bacon-Shor code with all noncommuting gauge operators measured at the same time. The error syndromes are continuously monitored using cross-correlations of sets of three…

量子物理 · 物理学 2020-08-25 Juan Atalaya , Alexander N. Korotkov , K. Birgitta Whaley

All utility-scale quantum computers will require some form of Quantum Error Correction in which logical qubits are encoded in a larger number of physical qubits. One promising encoding is known as the colour code which has broad…

量子物理 · 物理学 2026-03-05 Mark Walters , Mark L. Turner